Syndicate Bank Ltd. v. K. R. v. Bhat

Vaidialingam, J. This appeal, by special leave, is directed against the award, dated' November 10, 1964, of the Industrial Tribunal, Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad, attepting a complaint, filed by the respondent, under s. 33A, of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (Act XIV of 1947) (hereinafter called the Act). u The respondent was, at the material time, working in the mam branch of the appellant, at Belgaum. By order dated March D 8, 1963, the respondent was transferred to Bhatkal branch, as a 'C' rank Officer, to work there, as an accountant. He was also informed that he was being relieved, so as to enable him to pro­ ceed to duty, at the place of transfer, by March 18, 1963. He was allbwed three days' joining time. On March 13, 1963, the Manager of the Branch at Belgaum, informed the respondent that he was relieved, with effect from E that date, to join duty at the Bhatkal branch, by March 18, 1963. The respondent, by letter dated March 14, 1963, after setting out the various matters therein, applied for privilege leave, for ninety days, from March 14, 1963 to June 11. 1963, so as to enable him to improve his health and also to attend to oertain domestic matters. But the Bank, the appellant herein, desired him, by their letter dated March 23, 1963, to join duty and then apply for leave, if necessary. Some further correspondence ensued, between the Bank and the respondent, the respondent again making a request tor sanction of his leave and the appellant Bank insisting upon his joining duty, according to the order of transfer, and then applying for leave. But, as the respondent did not join duty at the Bhatkal branch, though he was relieved from the Belgaum office, the appellant, by their communication, dated July 23, 1963, G desired the respondent to offer explanation for not obeying the order of transfer. The respondent sent a reply, on July 29, 1963, stating what, according to him, were the reasons for his not join- ing duty at the transferred office. The appellant' Bank, not satis- fied with the explanation, given by the respondent, framed two char~es against him, and communicated the same, on Aue;ust 7, l 1963. The charges were to the effect that (a) the respondent, by wilfully disobeying the lawful and reasonable transfer order of SYNDICAl'E BANK v. 1'.R.V. BHAT ( Vaidialingam, J .) 329 the management, has committed gross misconduct, for which the punishment is dismissal from service; and (b) the respondent had absented himself from duty from March 14, 1963, without leave, which again, is a minor misconduct for which also punishment can be imposed. The respondent was also directed to submit his explanal!on, if any, to the charges, on or before August 25, 1963. The respondent offered his explanation to the charges, by his letter, dated August 21, 1963. The appellant informed the respon­ dent, on October I. 1963, that an enquiry would be conducted against him, in respect of the charges, on October 5, 1963, and desired him to be present at the enquiry, with the necessary evidence, in support of his defence. The inquiry was conducted by the Enquiry Officer, in which the respondent participated. The Enquiry Officer sent a report to the Managing Director of the Ba!nk, dated October 28, 1963, sub­ stantially finding the respondent guilty of both the charges. In respect of the first charge of gross misconduct, for wilfully dis­ obeying the order of transfer, the Enquiry Officer had proposed that the respondent should be dismissed and, in respect of the second charge, of absenting without leave, it was proposed in the report that the increment be stopped, for a period of six months, with effect from April 25, 1963. Certain consequential proposals were also made, as to how exactly the respondent's absence, was to be dealt with. The Managing Director of the Bank, after considering the re­ port submitted by the Enquiry Officer, us well as the further ex­ planation, offered by the respondent, in respect of the findings re­ corded in the said report, by his order dated November 12, 1963, agreed with the recommendation of the Enquiry Officer, dismissed the respondent from the service of the Bank with immediate effect, for the offence of wilful disobedience of the order of transfer. The respondent was also informed that he might appeal, against the order of dismissal, to the working committee of the Directors of the Bank, within forty-five days of receipt of the order. The respondent filed an appeal, on December 17, 1963, be­ fore the working committee of the Directors, wherein he attacked the various proceedings, culminating in the order of dismissal, pa~sed against him. Intimation of the hearing of the appeal was given to the respondent. But, it is seen that on the date when the appeal was taken up for hearing, viz., March 20, 1964, the res­ pondent was not present either in person or through authorised representative of his. In consequence, the working committee of the Directors dismissed the appeal on March 20, 1964. In the appellate order, the working oommittee has elaborately considered the various circumstances necessitating the conduct of the en­ quiry, the enquiry proceedings and the answers given by the res­ pondent; and it has, ultimately, agreed with the findings recorded 330 SUPRJl)li: COUBT BEPOR'fS (1968) I S.C.11.· in the enquiry proceedings that the respondent had wilfully dis- A obeyed the lawful orders of the management transferring him. The resuit was that the order of dismissal, passed by the Manag- ing Director on November 12, 1963, was continued. At this stage it may be mentioned that the Central Govern­ ment had refe1Ted, on Ja111uary 8, 1964, for adjudication, to the B Industrial Tribunal, of which Dr. Mir Siadat Ali Khan was appoin· ted as the presiding officer, with headquarters at Hyderabad, the question as to whether action, by the appellant Bank, in disconti· nuing pigmy collection and payment thereof to the workmen, was justified. This was numbered as I. D. No. 4 of 1964, and the award, in this dispute, was given on August 26, 1964, and the Central Government published the same, in the Gazette of India, C on September 7, 1964. The respondent filed a complaint, under s. 33A of the Act, on June 4, 1964, before the Central Government Industrial Tri­ bunal, at Hyderabad, attacking the enquiry proceedings, conduct- ed against him, and the order of dismissal, passed by the appellant. Apart from attacking the inquiry proceedings, on merits, as mala D fide, the respondent contended that the order of dismissal had been passed against him, without the appellant Bank complying with the provisions of the proviso to s. 33(2)(b), of the Act. Accord- ing to him, inasmuch as the order of dismissal had been passed, during the pendency of I. D. No. 4 of 1964, the management should have asked the Industrial Tribunal for approval of their action, and they should have paid him one month's wages. There- E fore, inasmuch as these things were ntit done, the appellants have contravened the provisitins of s. 33 of the Act. The appellant Bank, in their counter-statement, pleaded that .he domestic enquiry, conducted by the management, was very fair and that the action of the management, in dismissing the res­ pondent, was perfectly justified. In this connection, the appetlant 1 raised the contention that the respondent was not a 'wllrkman ', and that, in any event, he was not a workman concerned with the dispute covered by I.D. No. 4 of 1964, and therefore he was not entitled to file an application, under s. 33A. They further con­ tended that there was no contravention tlf s. 33 of the Act, be­ cause, at the time when the order dismissing the respondent was passed, on November 12, 1963, there was no industrial dispute G pending, so as to make it obligatory on the part of the appellant, Ill take action, in accordance with the proviso to s. 33(2)(b), of the Act. The Industrial Tribunal, by its order. under attack, has over­ ruled all the objedtions, raised by the management. The Tribunal II has held that the respondent was a 'workman' and that he was also a workman concerned in I. D. No. 4 of 1964, and therefore SYNDIC.lTll BANX 11. X.B. v. H..lT ( v aulialingam, J.) 331 A he was competent to file an application, under s. 3 3A. The Tribu­ nal has also held that the dismissal of the respondent became effec­ tive only on March 20, 1964, when the working committee of the Directors of the appellant Bank disposed of the appeal, filed by the respondent. As this date fell within the period, between Jan- . uary 8, 1964 and October 8, 1964, (during which I. D. No. 4 B of 1964 was pending) the management was bound to comply with the proviso to s. 33(2)(b) of the Act. As this proviso had not been complied with, the. Tribunal held that there was a contravention of the provisions of s. 33 of the Act, which gives a right to the respondent to invoke the jurisdiction of the Tribunal, under s. 33A of the Act. After having held that there is a contravention, of s. 33 of the Act, the Tribunal then considered the atta~k levelled, as against the domestic enquiry proceedings, by 'the respondent, and recorded a finding to the effect that it was not fair to consider that the. respondent had wilfully disobeyed the order of transfer, passed by the management. The tribunal, therefore held, on both the findings, that the respondent should be reinstated, with con- tinuity of service and back wages. The same contentions, that were raised before the Industrial Tribunal, on behalf of' the management, have been urged before us, by the appellants' learned counsel, Mr. Gokhale. Counsel urged that the respondent is not a 'workman' and, in any event, he is not a1 workman concerned with the dispute in I.D. No. 4 of 1964. Counsel further pointed out that even aissuming that the findings of the Tribunal, recorded against the appellant, were correct, the application, under s. 33A, was not maintainable, inasmuch as there was no contravention, by the management, of any of the provisions of s. 33, of the Act. In this connection, counsel pointed out, that the order of dismissal, having been passed by the Manag­ ing Director, on November 12, 1963, long before Januaiy 8, 1964, the date when I.D. No. 4 of 1964, was referred, there was no obligation, on the part of the management, tt> ask for approval of the Tribunal, in respect of their action, or of paying one month's wages. to the respondent. Counsel also urged that even if these questions were answered against the appellant, the award would have to be set aside, because the Industrial Tribunal had really constituted itself as a ·court of appeal, when it set aside the order of dismissal, passed by the management, which was based on the findings recorded in a proper domestic enquiry. Mr. M. K. Ramamurthy, leained. counsel, appearing for the respondent, has supported the views, expressed by the Tribunal, on all aspects. If the contention of the appellant, that there was no Indus­ trial dispute, pending at the time, when the order of dismissal was passed, is accepted, then, quite naturally, at follows that no ouestion of contravention of s. 33, of the Act, arises, in which 382 SUl'llEKK COURT RlliPORTS [1968) l S.C.R. case, the complaint, under s. 33A, is not maintainable, in law. A In an enquiry, under s. 33A, the first question that the TribJ\nal will have to consider, is regarding the contravention, by the em­ ployer, of the provisions of s. 33 of the Act. If this issue is answer- ed against the employee, nothing further can be done, under s. 33A, of the Act. This position has been settled, by the decisions of this Court, in Equitable Coal, Ltd. v. A/gu Singh(') and The Punjab B National Bank Ltd. v. Its Workmen('). After hearing arguments, on this aspect, we are inclined, in the instant case. to accept the contention of the appellant, fa this regard, and hence, no t>ther questions arise, in the application filed, by the respondent under s. 33A of the Act. There is no controversy, in this case. that the appellant did C not seek the approval of the Industrial Tribunal concerned, nor did they offer or pay one mt>nth's wages to the respondent. There is also no controversy that I.D. No. 4 of 1964, can in law be con­ sidered to ·be pending only from January 8, 1964, to October 8, I 964. The order of the Managing Directt>r, dismissing the res­ pondent from service, was made on November 12, 1963, which date, admittedly, falls outside the duration ·of the pendency of D I.D. No. 4 of 1964. The order of the working committee of Directors, rejecting the respondent's appeal, which was passed on March 20, 1964, certainly falls within the period when I.D. No. 4 of 1964 was pending. Therefore, the question that arises for con­ sideration, in this case, is as to when, it can be stated, that the respondent was dismissed, i.e., by the order of November 12, 1963, of the Managing Director, or by the appellate order t>f March 20, E 1964, passed by the working committee of Directors. According to the appellant, the order which has to be taken into account, for considering whether there is a contraventit>n of s. 33 of the Act, is the original order passed, by the Managing Director, on November 12, 1963, whereas, according to the respondent, the appellate order, passed on March 20. 1964, is the effective order, dismissing him. F The respondent's contention, in this regard, is briefly as fol­ lows. Under the National Industrial Tribunal (Bank Disputes) Award, 1962 (known as the Desai Award), a workman, in such cmes, has got a right of appeal, to the appropriate authority. and he has got a period of 45 days, for filing the appeal. In this case, the order of the Managing Director, dated November 12, · 1963, G also states that respondent is entitled to file an appeal, against that order, to the working committee of the Directors, within 45 days of receipt of that order. The respondent, admittedly, filed an appeal, on December 17, 1963, well within the time. The appeal was disposed of, on March 20, 1964. The language t>f s. 33(2), counsel points out, is to the effect that the employer bas B (1) [1958] I L.L.J. 793. (2) [1960] 1 S.C.R. 806. ~YNDICATE BANK 1), K.R.V. BHAT (Vaidialingam, J.) 333 been enabled to take action, 'in ioocordance with the standing 0rders applicable to a workman concerned, in such dispute'. In­ asmuch as the standing orders, in this case, give a right to appeal, to the workman, any order that is passed, by the management, in respect of which a right of appeal is given to a workman, cannot be ·considered to be an effective or operative order, till the appel­ late decision is made known. It will be open to the appellant to take action, in accordance with the proviso to s. 33(2)(b), at the time when the appellate order was passed, on March 20, 1964, as the appellate order is the effective and binding order. So far as the parties are concerned, the order of dismissal, in this case, must be considered to have been passed only on March 20, 1964, which date squarely falls within the period, during which I.D. No. 4 of 1964, was pending. We are not inclined to accept the contentions of the learned counsel, for the respondent, in this regard. It has been laid down by this Court, in Strawboard Manufac­ turing Co. v. Govind('), in donstruing the proviso to s. 33(2)(b) of the Act, that the three things contemplated, viz .. dismissal or D discharge, payment of the wages and making of the application, should be part of the same transaction. Therefore, in our view, there must be a fixed and certain point of time which will be applicable to all managements and workmen, when construing th-e provisions of s. 33 of the Act. The management must definitely know, as to when they have to take the necessary action. under the proviso to s. 33(2)(b), and the workman also should, likewise, E know the definite time when .. the management should have com­ plied with the requirements of the proviso to s. 33(2)(b), so that he ct>uld approach the Industrial Tribunal, by way of a complaint, under s. 33A, of the Act. A reading of the material provisions of s. 33 shows that the expressibns used are 'dischairge or punish, whether by dismissal or otherwise', and they clearly indicate, in our opinion, the point of time, when the order of discharge or dis- F missal is passed, by the authority concerned. An order of dis­ charge or dismissal, in our opinion, can be passed only once; and, in this case, the order of dismissal is the one passed, by the Mana­ ging Director, on November 12, 1963. No doubt, either by virtue of the Standing Orders, or by virtue of a contract, of service, a right of appeal may be given to a workman concierned, to chal­ lenge an order of dismissal. But the appellate authority only consi- G ders whether the order of dismissal has to be sustained, or whether it requires modification. Therefore, there is no question of tbe appellate authority passing. again, an order of dismissal. We are not concerned, in construing the provisions of s. 33, as to the finality of the orders passed, by the authority concerned, in tbe first instance, in passing orders of dismissal or discharge. B Further, the proviso to s. 33(2)(b), when it refers to pay­ ment of wages for one month, also indicates that it relates fo ali L/SllSOI-S (1) [1962] Supp, 3 S.C.R. 618, 630. brder of discharge or dismissal, which comes into effect immediate- A ly, which, in this case, is the order passed, on November 12, 1963. The payment of one month's salary or wages, is to soften the rigour of unemployment that will face the workman, against whom an order of discharge or dismissal, has been passed. If the manage­ ment has to wait for the minimum period prescribed for filing an appeal, and also await the termination of the appeal when one is filed, considerable time would have lapsed from the date of the original order, during which period the workman would not have received any salary. It will be anomalous to hold that even after the lapse of such a long time, the payment of one month's salary would satisfy the requirements of the section. In this case, if the contention of the respondent is accepted, it will lead to very anomalous results, and the time when a manage- C ment has to comply with the proviso to s. 33(2)(b), will radically differ. For example, according to the respondent, the management, in this case, will have to wait for the minimum period of 45 days, which is the time given for the respondent, to file an appeal. If an appeal is filed, according to the respondent, the management will have to wait further, and await the disposal of the appeal. That means, in such a case, the proviso will come into effect only at the time when the appeal is disposed of. On the other hand. if, after the expiry of 45 days, the workman concerned does not file an appeal. the management, aocording to the resnondent, will have to comply with the proviso immediately after the period of limitation is over. That is, the point of time when the proviso to s. 33(2)(b) will have to be comolied with, by the management, will deiiend uoon the filing or non-filing of an appeal. by the workman concerned. Further. if at the time, when the original order of dis­ missal is passed. there is no disoute pending. and when the anneal aiiainst the order of rlismissal is pendinri. a disPute is referred for adjudication, it will be open to the management lb prolon!! its decision, in the appeal. till after the Industrial dispute has come to an end. Tt cannot be the intention of the Legislature that such variable and indeterminate periods are contemplated in con­ struing the proviso to s. 33(2)(b). The natural and reasonable in­ temretation, to be placed on s. 33, is. in onr oninion. that the order of discharge or dismissal. is the original or the very first oroer passed bv t'he management: which in this case is the one nassed. by the Managing T)irector. on November 12. 196'.l Tt follows that on that date. T. n. No. 4 of 1964. had not even been referred, for adjudication. which, as we have alreadv indiroted. was by an order of Government. datecl January 8. 1964. Hence there is no contravention of s. 33. in this case. · Before we close the discussion, it is neeessary to state that Mr. Ramamurthy,, learneif counsel for the respondent, referred us to two decisions of this Court. in Thr Management ·nf Hntel H Imperial v. Hoiel Workers' Uninn ·(') and ('nl!rrtnr nf Custnms. - ------- -- . - -- --- - (!) [1960] 1 SCR 476. 0 SYNDICATE BANK v. K.R.V. BHAT ( Vaulialingam, J.) 335 Calcutta v. East India Commercial Co. Ltd.('). In the first deci­ sion, this Court has recognised that a term should be implied, by Industrial Tribunals, in the contract of employment, that, if the master has held a proper enquiry and come to the conclusion that the servant should be dismissed, and in consequence, suspends him, pending the perm'ssion, required under s. 33 of the Act, he has the power to order suspension, thus suspending the contract of employment temporarily, so that there is no obligation on him to pay wages, and no obligation on the servant, to work. In the 9eeond decision, th;s Court held that in cases where an appellate authority reverses the order under appeal, or modifies the order or merely dismisses the appeal and thus confirms the order ap­ pealed against without any modification, the operative order is the order of the appellate authority. In our opinion, these deci­ sions do not assist 1he respondent and the principles laid down therein, have no bearing on the point to be determined in the instant case. The result is that the award of the Industrial Tribunal is set aside and the application, filed by the respondent before it, will stand dismissed. The appeal is, accordingly, allowed, but without costs. Y.P. Appeal allowed (1) [1963] 2 S.C.R. 563; 568 L/SOOI(a)-8 .