H. v. Kamath v. Ch. Nitiraj Singh

Bachawat, J. This appeal is directed against the judgment of a Single Judge of the High Court of Madhya Pradesh dismissing an election petition for setting aside the election of the respondent Chaudhury Nitiraj Singh to the Hoshangabad Parliamentary Con­ stituency No. 27. The appellant was the Praja Socialist Party candidate with the election symbol "hut". The respondent was the Congress Party Candidate with the election symbol "Two bul­ locks with voke on". The voting took place on February 20, 1967. The votes were counted on February 21 and February 20, 1967. The respondent having got a majority of about 20,000 votes was declared duly elected. The oetition charged the re>pondent with seve•al corrupt practices. The appellant now presses before us only the charge unde' parap;raph 5(i), (ii). (iii) and (iv), oaragraph 5(v), paragraph 6 and paragraph ?(ii), I!' r H. v. KAMATH v. NITIRAJ SINGH (Bachawat, J.) 815 At the time of the election, the Congress Party, was in power and the Chief Minister Shri D. P. Mishra be1onged to the Congress Party. In November 1966 the respondent was nominated by the Coogress Party as its caµdidate for the Hoshangabad Parliamentary Constituency. The substance of the charge as made in paragraph 5 (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) and as pressed before us is that on De­ cember 23, 1966 the Government of Madhya Pradesh headed by Shri D. P. Mishra promulgated an Ordinamce No. 19 of 1966 ex­ empting agriculturists holdmgs land less than 7 .50 acres or payip.g land revenue not exceeding Rs. 5 from payment of land revenue, that Shri D. P. Mishra as the agent of the respondent and with his consent made speeches at Narsinghpur and Piparia on February 16, 1967 announcing the benefit of such exemption and that the res­ pondent thus committed the corrupt practice under s. 123 (1 )(A) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951. The evidence shows that the question of exemption of uneconomic holding from payment of land revenue was being agitated for some time past Towards the close of 1966 a resolution was moved by the mem­ bers of the opposition parties in the Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha urging such exemption. But no bill to that effect was then passed. The Government reconsidered the matter aiDd when the Vidhan Sabha was not in session it passed Ordinance No. 19 of 1966 grant­ ing the exemption. The Ordinance was later replaced by Act. No. 6 of 1967 which was published on April 26, 1967. The exemption was advocated by the P•aja Socialist Party also and was welcomed by all parties. Nevertheless on the eve of the election the opposi­ tion parties started a campaign stating that the object of the ex­ emption was to forfeit the land to the State and raised the slogan "Lagan Maaf Zamin Saar'. The propaganda was refuted by the Con11;ress Party. In an election speech on February 16, 1967 Shri D. P. Mishra raised the slogan "Lag3ill Miraf Sab party Saaf". His objc~t yvas to tell the voters that the exemption should be granted and that the opposition parties should be routed in the election. It also appears that one Shri S. K. Dixit a member of the Cong•ess PartY. published a pamphlet Ex. P-2 on or about February 7, 1967 refuting the false propag:anda that the exemption was temporary and was granted with a view to forfeit the lands and u·giing the electors to vote for the congress. On the materials on the record it is impossible to hold that the respondent committed the corrupt practice under s. 123 (1 )(A). The O•dinance was passed by the Government of Ma'1hya Pradesh. As a result of the Ordinance a large number of agriculturists got exemption frnm land revenue. Such an exemption does not amount to a gift. offer or promise of any l!Tatification within the meaning of s. 123(1 )(A). Nor is it possible to sav that the eovemment was th~ agent of the respon­ dent. It is true that the Cong•ess Partv was then i;o power. But the exemption was not eiven bv the Con~ss Partv. It was given by the Ordinance which was passed by the Government. Nor does 816 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1969] 3 S.C.R, the announcement of the declaration at the meeting held on Feb­ ruary 16, 1967 or by the pamphlet Ex. P-2 cax:ry the matter ·any further. On the materials on the record it is not possible to say that either Shri D. P. Mishra or Shri S. K. Dixit acted as the agent of the respondent. The charge under :paragraph 5 ( i), (ii) , (iii) and (iv) is not established. Some additional embellishments of the charge were dealt with by the learned Judge <md they were not pressed before us. The substance of the charge as laid in paragraph 5 ( v) and as pressed before us is that on the eve of the election the Government of Madhya Pradesh headed by Shri D. P. Mishra declared that Class III and Class IV government employees would get increased dearness allowance from April 1, 1967 according to the rates sanctioned for Central GovelJillllent employees, that Shri D. P. Mishra with the consent of the respondent and as his agent an­ nounced the grant of these ben~fits at the meetings held on Feb­ ruary 16, 1967 at N<!rsinghpur aiid Piparia a:nd that the respon­ dent thus c01nmitted the corrup_t practice under s. 123(1) (A). It appears that Class III and Class IV employees gave a notice to the government . stating that they would go on strike with effect from February 13, 1967. Without their co-operation the entire election would have been at a standstill. The Government thought that the demand of the employees for i,rl.creased dearness allowance was legitimate and therefore announced on or about February 11, 196,7 its decision to grant the increased dearness allowance with effect from April l, 1967. The grant of the increased dearness allowance cannot be regarded as a gift, offer or promise of ~ gratification within the meaning of s. 123(1) (A) nor is it possible to say that the Government or Shri D. P. Mishra was the agent of the respondent. The announcement of the grl!J11t of the increased dearness allowance at the meeting held on February 16, 1967 does not carry the matter any further. The charge under paragraph 5 ( v) is not established. The charge under paragraph 6 is that the respondent or his ageint distributed dummy ballot papers with the respondent's name and his election symbol of "Two bullocks with yoke on" and, also the appellant's rrame without his election symbol printed thereon, that those papers conveyed to the voters the impression that the appellant had withdrawn his candidature, that the appellant and hts agents qn the eve of the election told the voters that the appel­ lant had withdrawn his candidature and that the respondent thereby committed the corrupt practice under s. 123 ( 4). The evidence shows that dummy ballot papers as mentioned above were printed and distributed on behalf of the respondent. Such dummy ballot papers were in contravention of the ilnstructions issued by the Elec­ tion Commission of India. The appellant's name should not have H. v. KAMATH v. NITIRAJ SINGH (Bachawat, I.) 817 been printed in them. But it is impossible to say that the dummy ballot papers conveyed to the voters. the impression that the appel­ lant had withdrawn his candidature. On this issue the appellant exam'1ed P.W. 6, PW 7, PW 10, PW 23, PW 25, PW 27, PW 29, PW 30, PW 31 and PW 32 and the respondent examined RW 2, RW 3, RW 11 and RW 13. In agreement with the learned Judge we do not accept the statement of the appellant's witnesses that on the eve of the election the respondent apd his agents informed the voters that the appellant had withdrawn his candidature. The voters knew that there were two candidates in the field, viz., the appellant and the respondent. Even on February 16, 1967 Shri D. P. Mishra stated that the appellant was contesting the election. The respondent carried on a vigorous election propaganda until February 18, 1967. If the respondent or his agent had informed the voters that the appellant had with.drawn his candidature it was not likely that such inteinsive propaganda would be carried on onti! that date. The charge under paragraph 6 is therefore not established. The charge under paragraph 7 (ii) was that Chaudhary Diwan Singh, the Station House Officer at Sohagpur, and a member of. the police force in the service of the government, with the consent of the respondent actively cain'Vassed for the respondent and that the respondent thereby committed corrupt practice under s. 123 (7). To prove this charge the appellant examined PW 3, PW 4 and PW 9. Chaudhary Diwan Singh and the respondent denied the charge. For the reasons given by the learned Judge, it is impos­ sible to accept the testimquy of PW 3, PW 4 and PW 9. Their evidence does not ring true: P.W. 3 never spoke to anybody that he was asked by Chaudlrary Diwan ~gh to vote for the respon­ dent. ~t is not likely that. Diwan 'Singh would approach P. W. 4. It is impossible to believe that P.W. 9 could overhear a conversa­ tion between Diwan Singh aind,the respondent when the respondent is said to have asked Diwan Singh to canvass for him. the charge under paragraph 7 (ii) is also not established. In the result, the appeal is dismissed with costs. Y.P. Appeal dismissed.