Vallabh Das v. Dr. Madan Lal & Ors.

Hegde. J. One Prem Sukh was the owner of the suite pro­ perties. Parvatibai was his wife They had no children. Prem Sukh !lifted some of his properties to his wife on June 14, 1943. Dr. Madan Lal's (1st respondent in this appeal) case is that Prem Sukh adopted him on July 12, 1943. Thereafter it is said that Prem Sukh adopted on April 10, 1946, the appellant Vallabh Das. On April 29, 1946, Dr. Madan Lal instituted a suit for a declara· tion that he is the adopted son of '?rem Sukh and for partition and possession of his share in the family properties. Prem Sukh denied the adoption pleaded by Dr. Madan Lal. On the other hand he alleged that Vallabh Das was his adopted son. In view of that allegation, Vallabh Das was added as a supplemental defendant in that suit. No relief was claimed against him. During the pendency ·of that suit Prem Sukh died. Thereafter Dr. Madan Lal moved the court to withdraw the suit. He was [permitted to withdraw the same with liberty to file a fresh suit on the same cause of action on condition that he pays the de- · fondants' costs of that suit before instituting a fresh suit. There-· after Parvatibai bequeathed her properties to Dr. Madan Lal and died soon after: The suit from which this appeal arises was brought on November 29, 1951 even before the costs of Vallabh Das (the appellant herein) in the previous suit had been paid. Vallabh Das resisted the suit on vario11s grounds. He conten<l;ed that Dr. Madan Lal was not adopted by Prem Sukh: even_.if he VALLABH DAS v. MADAN LAL (Hegde. J.) 213 had been adopted, that adoption was not valid under the Benaras &:hool of Hindu law by which the parties were governed as Madan Lal was a married man on July 12, 1943 and lastly the suit as brought is not maintainable as Dr. Madan Lal had not paid the costs due to him under the order in the previous suit before ins­ tituting the present suit. Both the trial court as well as the High Court in appeal rejected every one of the contentions taken by Vallabh Das and decreed the suit as prayed for. Thereafter this 'lppeal was brought after obtaining special leave from this Court. The factum of the adoption has been upheld both by the trial court as well as by the High Court. There is evidence to support that findin$. No convincing circumstance was brought to our notice requirmg us to review the evidence over again. This Court ordinarily does not interfere with concurrent findings of fact. We see no justification to disturb the concurrent finding of fact arrived at by the trial court and the High Court. As regards the validity of the adoption, the contention of \! allabh Das that the adoption was invalid rests on the plea that on July 12, 1943, Dr. Madan Lal was a married man. This plea has been negatived by the trial court as well as by the High Court. They have come to the conclusion that Dr. Madan Lal was not a married man on that date and that he was married subsequently. Here again there is no good ground for us to interfere with the finding of fact reached by those courts. The only contention that was seriously pressed before us on behalf ol the appellant was that the suit under appeal is not main­ tainable as the condition precedent imposed by the court in the earlier suit naipely the payment of defendants' costs by the pl11in­ tiif before bringing a fresh suit on the same c11use of action had not been complied with. We do not think that this contention is well founded. Rule 1, Order 23, Code of Civil Procedure empowers the courts to permit a plaintiff to withdraw from the suit brought by him with liberty to institute a fresh suit in respect of the subject­ matter of that suit on such terms as it thinks fit. The terms im­ posed on the plaintiff in the previous suit was that before bringing a fresh suit on tlie same cause of action, he must pay the costs of the defendants. Therefore we have to see whether that condition governs the institution of IM present suit. For deciding that question we hav'e to see whether the suit from which this appeal arises is in respeet of tho same s1.1bjoct·matter that was in litlaation In the previous suit. Tho oxprenlon "11.1bjoct-mattor" is not defined in tho Civil Procedure Code. It doo1 not mean pro· perty. That expression has a reference to a rightln tho property . 214 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1971] 1 S.C.R. which the p1amtiff seeks to enforce. That expression includes the A cause of action and the relief claimed. Unless the cause of action and the relief claimed in the second suit are the same as in the first suit, it cannot be said that the subject-matter of the second suit is the same as that in the previous suit. Now coming to the case before us in the first suit Dr. Madan Lal was seeking to en­ force his right to partition and separate possession. In the present B suit he seeks to get possession of the suit properties from a trespasser on the basis of his title: In the first suit the cause of action was the division of status between Dr. Madan Lal and his adoptive father and the relief claimed was the conversion of joint posses- sion into separate possession. In the present suit the plaintiff is seeking possession of the suit properties from a trespasser. In C the first case his cause of action arose on the day he got separated from his family. In the present suit the cause of action, namely, the series of transactions which formed the basis of his title to the suit properties, arose on the death of his adoptive father and mother. It is true that both in the previous suit as· well as in the present suit the factwn and validity of adoption of Dr. Madan Lal came up for decision. But that adoption was not the cause of ~ action in the first nor is it the cause of action in- the present suit. It was merely an antecedent even which conferred certain rights on him. Mere identity of some of the issues in the two suits does not bring about an identity of the subject matter in the two suits. As observed in Rakhma Bai v. Mahadeo Narayan('), the ex­ pression "subject matter" in Order 23, Rule 1, Code of Civil Pro- E · cedure means the series of acts or transactions alleged to exist giV:ing rise to the relief claimed. In other words "subject matter" means the bundle of facts which have to be proved in order to entitle the plaintiff to the relief claimed by him, We accept as ·correct the observations of Wallis C.J. in Singa Reddi v. Subba Reddi(2), that where the cause of action and the· relief claim- F ed in the second suit are not the same as the cause of action and the mlief claimed in the fir't suit, the second suit cannot be con­ sidered to have been broaght in respect of the same subject matter as the first suit. For the reasons mentioned above this appeal fails and the same is dismi(ssed with costs. G.C. (!) I.LR. 42 Born. 1155. (2) I.L.R. 39 Mad. 98i. Appeal dismissed.