Commissioner of Income Tax, Calcutta v. Burlop Dealers Ltd.

Shah, C.J. Burlop Dealers Ltd.-hereinafter referred to as C 'the assessee'-is a limited company. For the assessment year 1949-50 the assessee submitted a profit and loss account dis­ closing in the relevant year of account Rs. 1,75,875/- as profit in a joint venture from H. M~nory Ltd. and claimed that Rs. 87,937/- being half the profit earned from H. Manory Ltd. was jJaid to Ratiram Tansukhrai under a partnership agreement. The D assessee stated that on Ju11e 5, 1948, it had e.ntered into a11 agreement with H. Manory .Ltd. to do business in plywood chests aind in considerat.ion oi financing the business the assessee was to receive 50% df the profits of the business. The assessee claimed that it had entered into an agreement on October 7. 1948, with Ratir"1fl Tansu.khrai for flnanding the transactions E of H. Manary Ltd. in the joint veinture, and had agreed to pay to Ratiram Tansukhrai 50% of the profit earned by it from the business with H. Manary Ltd. The Incometax Officer accepted the return filed by the asses­ see and included in computing the total income for the assess­ ment year 1949-50 Rs. 87 ,937 /- qnly as the profit earned on the F joint venture with H. Manory Ltd. In the assessment year 1950- 51 the assessee field a return also accompal!ied by a profit and loss account disclosing a total profit of Rs. 1,62,155/­ in the relevant account ear received from H. Mainory Ltd., a11d claimed that it had transferred Rs. 81,077 /- to the accolljllt of Ratiram Tansukhrai as his share. The Income-tax G Officer on examination of the transactions brought the entire amount of Rs. 1,62,155/- to tax holding that the alleged agree­ ment of Octoer 1948 between the assessee and Ratiram Tansukh­ rai had merely been "got up as a device to reduce the profits, received from H. Manory Ltd.". This order was cQllfirmed by the Appellate Assistant Commissioner and by the Income-tax H Appellate Tribunal. The 'Tribunal then stated a case under s. 66 (1) cf the Income-tax Act to t)le High Court of Calcutta. The High Court agreed with the view of the Tribunal and a.ns­ wered the question against the assessee, 412 SUPJ!:EME COURT REPOR'fS [1971] 3 S.C.R. In the meanwhile on May 13, 1955, the Income-tax Officer A issued a notice under s. 34 to the assessee for the assessment year 1949-50 to re-open the assessment and to assess the amooot of Rs. 8 7 ,93 7 / - allowed in the assessment of income-tax as paid to Ratiram Tansukhrai. The assessee filed a return which did not include the amount paid to Ratiram Tansukhrai. The Income-tax Officer re-assessed the ~ncome under s. 34 ( 1) (a) and added Rs. 87,937 /- to the income returned by the assessee in the assessment year 1949-50. The Appellate Assistant Com­ missioner held that the Income-tax Officer was entitled to take action under s. 34(1) (a) of the Income-tax Act 1922 after the amendmeint in 1948, and to re-open the assessment if income had been under-assessed owing to the failure of the assessee to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for the assess­ ment. He confirmed the order observing that the assessee had misled the Income-tax Officer ipto believin!:i that there was a genui1ne arrangement with Ratiram Tansukhrai and had stated in the profit anu loss account that the amount paid to Ratiram Tansukhrai was the share of the latter in the partnership, where­ as no much share was payable to Ratiram Tansukhrai. In appeal against the order of the Appellate Assistant Com­ missioner the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal held that the asses­ see had produced all the relevant accounts and documents necessary for completing the assessment, and the assessee was under no obligation to inform the Income-tax .Officer about the true nature of the transactions. The tribunal on that view revers­ ·ed the order of the Appellate Assistant Commisisoner and directed that the amount of Rs. 87,937 /- be excluded from the total income of the assessee for the year 1949-50. An application under s. 66 (1) of the InC:ian Income-tax Act F for stating a case to the High Court was rejected by the Tribunal. A petition to the High Court of Calcuttta under s. 66(2) for ·directing the Tribunal to submit a statement of the case was also rejected. The Commissioner has appealed to this Court. Section 34(1) of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922, as it G ·stood in the assessment year 1949-50 provided : "If- ( a) the Income-tax Officer has reason to elieve that by reason of the omissi~n or failure on the part of an assessee to make a return of income under section 22 for any year or to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for his assess- ment for that year, income, profits or gains C.I.T. v. BURLOP LTD. (Shah, C.J.) chargeable to income-tax have escaped assess­ ment for that year, or have been under-assessed. or 413 (b) notwithstainding that there has been no omis­ sion or failure as mentioned in clause (a) on the part of the assessee, the income-tax Officer has in consequence of information in his pos­ session reason to believe that income, profits or gains chargeable to Income-tax have escaped assessment for any year, or have been under-assessed. he may in cases falling under clause (a) at any time within eight years and in cases falling under clause (b) at any time within four years of the end of that year, serve on the assessee, . . . . a notice containing all or any of the requirements which may be included in a notice under sub-secti0\11(2) of sec­ tion 22, and may proceed to assess or re-assess such income, profits or gains " The Income-tax Officer had in consequence of information in his possessioin that the agreement with Ratiram Tansukhrai was a sham transaction reason to believe, that income chargeable to E tax had escaped assessment. Such a case would appropriately fall under s. 34 (1 )(b). But the period pres¢ribed for serving a notice uinder s. 34 (1 )(b) had elapsed. Under s. 34 (1 )(a) the Income-tax Officer had authority to serve a notice when he had reason to believe that by reason of omission or failure oin the part of the assessee to disclose fully and truly al! material facts ne~essary for his assessment for the year, ir.come chargeable to F tax had escaped assessment. As observed by this Court in Cal­ cutta Discount Co. Ltd. v. Income-tax Officer, Companies Dis­ trict I, Calc:utta and another('). "The words used are "omission or failure to dis­ close fully and truly all material facts necessary for his assessment for that year". It postulates a duty on every assessee to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for his assessment. What facts are material and necessary for assessment will differ from case to case. In every assessment proceeding, ~he assessing authority will, for the purpose of computmg or determining the proper tax d.ue from ~ ~ssessee, require to know all the facts which help hi!11 1n com­ ing to the correct conclusion. From the pnmary facts (!) 41 I.T.R.191. 200. 414 SUPREME COURT REPORTs [1971 ]3 S.C.R. in his possession whether on disclosure by the asses­ see, or discovered by him on the basis of the facts disclose, or otherwise, the assessilllg authority has to draw inferences as regards certain other facts; and ulti­ mately, fr9m the primary facts and the further facts inferred from them, the authority has to draw the pro­ j)er legal inferences, and ascertain. on a correct mter­ p~etation of th<: taxing enactmeint, the proper tax Jeviable". We are of the view that under s. 34(1)(a) if the assessee has dis­ .closed primary facts relevant to the assessment, he is under no obligation to instruct the Income-tax Officer about the inference which the Income-tax Officer may raise from those facts. The terms of the Explanation to s. 34(1) also do not impose a more onerous obligation. Mere production· of the books of ac'(_ount or oth'er evidence from which material facts could with due dili­ gence have been discovered does not necessarily amount to dis­ closure within the' meaning of s. 34 (1), but where on the evi­ cteince and the materials p_roduced the Income-tax Officer could D have reached a conclusion other than one which he has reached, a proceeding under s. 34(1) (a) will not lie merely on the ground that the klcome-tax Officer has raised an inference which he may later regard as erroneous. The. assessee had disclosed his books of account and evi- E dence from which material facts could be discovered : it was under no obligation to inform the Income-tax Officer about the possible inferences which may be raised against him. It was for the Income-tax Officer to raise such ain inference and if he did not do so the income which has escaped assessment ;:annot be brought to lay under section 34(1)(a). F The appeal fails and is dismissed with . costs. K.B.N. Appeal dismissed. iy ·~,}. \·