Rikhu Dev, Chela Bawa Harjug Dass v. Som Dass (deceased) Through His Chela Shiamdass

MATHEW, J.-This is a'a appeal by special leave agamst a decree passed by the High Court of Punjab and Haryana holding Lhat the B appeal filed by the plaintiff-appellant has abated and dismissing his suit. The appellant brought the suit on the allegation t:iat thew was one Shiromani Nirankari Dera at Patiala, that this institution had two­ branches-one at Landeke in Moga Tehsil and the other at Nanga Kheri in the erstwhile Patiala State, arid that he, as mahant-in-charge C of the Shiromani Dera at Pati<ila had the right to manage the properties attached to the Dera at Landeke. The prayer in the plaint was for re- covery of possession of the Dcra and the properties attached to it. &om Dass, the defendant, cdatended that the Dera at Lar.deke was vn independent Dera and that he was in possession cA the properties of the Dera as its lawfully appointed mahant. D The trial court decreed the suit. In appeal by the defendant the decree was reversed. Against that decree, an appeal was preferred by the appellant to the High Court. While the appeal was pending irt the High Court, Som Dass, the defendant, died on 13·10-1970. No application was made by the appellant to bring on record his legal representatives within the period prescribed. An application was made E on 1-2-1971 by the appellant stating that Som Dass died on 26 11-1970 leaving behind him Shiam Dass as his Chela and for im- plcading him. The correctness of the date of death of Som Dass was · contested by Shiam Dass. The High Court referred the question to J. the trial Court for enquiry and decision. The trial Comt, after taking evidence, found that Som Dass died on 13-10-1970. Thereafter the appel!amt prayed before the High Court that his application dated F 1-2-1971 might be treated as ari application for setting aside the abate- ment of the appeal and the grom1d for setting aside the abatement was that the appelrant did not know about the death of Som Dass at the time he died. The High Court found no substance in tbe plea that the appellant had no knowledge about the date of the death of Som Dass and held that the appeal had abated and that there was no ground for setting aside the abatement. G The appellant had raised a1a alternative contention before the High Court that there was no abatement of the appeal even if Som Dass was not impleaded within the period prescribed as he claimed to represent J.. )" 1],e dera as its duly elected Chela. The High Court held that after the ,. death of Som Dass, Shiam Dass, as his Chela "inherited the sum-total of the rights which earlier vested in Som Dass and when a controversy IJ is raised about such rights, then the appellant was bound to bring on record the legal representatives of the deceased within the time pres- cribed by law." · RllOIU DEV ,v. SOM DASS (Mathew, /.) 489 We do not think that the view of the High Court was correct. The suit was filed on the basis that the appellant as the lawfully appointed mahant was entitled to manage the properties of the Dera at Landeke, that the defendant was unlawfully claiming to be the mahant of the Dera and entitled to manage the properties of the Dera, and that the appellant was entitled to be in possessiQln of the properties. As alrea~y stated the contention of the defendant was that though the properties belonged to the Dera, he was its lawfully appointed mahant and that the appellant had no right to recover possession of the property of the Dera. When Som Dass died, the interest which was the subject matter of the suit, devolved upon Shiam Das as he was elected to be the Mahant of the Dera and the appeal could be continued under Q. 22, ·r.10, of the Civil Procedure Code against the person upon whom the interest !rad devolved. Order 22, rule 10 reads : "R. 10(1) In other cases of an assignment, creation or devolution of any interest during the pendency of suit, the suit may, by leave of the Court, be continued by or against the perso'a to or upon whom such interest has come or de­ volved. (2) The attachment of a decree pending an appeal there­ from shall be deemed to be an interest entitling the person who procured such attachment to the benefit of sub-rule (1) ." E This rule is based on the principle that trial of a suit cannot be . brought to an end merely because the interest of a party in the subject matter of the suit has devolved upQla another during the pendency of the' suit but that suit may be continued against the person acquiring the interest with the leave of the Court. When a suit is brought by or against a person in a representative capacity and there is a devolu- tion of the interest of the representative, the rule that has to be applied is Order 22, rule 10 and not rule 3 or 4, whether the devolution takes place as a consequeince of death or for any other reason. Order 22, rule 10, is not confined to devolution of interest of a party by death, it also applies if the head of the mutt or manager of the temple resigns his office or is removed from office. In such a case tlie successor io the head of the mutt or to the manager of the temple may be substi­ tuted as a party under this rule. The word 'interest' which is men- tioned in this rule means interest in the property i.e., the subject mat­ ter of the suit and the interest is the interest of the person who was the party to the suit. It was, however, coqtended on behalf of the respondent that there was no devolution of the interest in the subject matter of the snit on the death of Som Dass, since there was no certainty as to the person who would be elected as mahant to succeed him. The argument was that it was uncertain O'a the death of Som Dass as to who would become the mahant by election, that it was only when a person sncceeded to the mahantship on the death of a previous mah ant by virtue of law . .or custom that there would be devolutiou of interest in the subject matter of the suit and, therefore, Order 22, rule 10, would not be at­ tracted. We see no force in this argument. We are of the view that .<!evolution of the i'aterest in the subject matter of the suit took place when Shiam Dass was elected as mahant of the Dera after the \]eat:h .of Som Dass. Som Dass was sued in his capacity as a person who claimed (though illegally according to the appellant) as mahant of the Dera. ·Som Dass contended th•at he was lawfully appointed as mahant of the Dera. He never set up any claim which was adverse to the Dera or its properties. The suit against Som Dass was not in his personal capa- C city but in his capacity as de facto mah'<J'at. In other words, the suit was for possession and management of the Dera and the properties appertaining to it by the appellant purporting to be the de jure mahant against Som Dass as de facto mahant. The fact that it was after Som Dass died that Shiam Dass was elected to be the mahant of the Dcra can make no difference when we are dealing with the questio',1 whether D the interest in the subject matter of the suit devolved upon him. The subject matter of the suit was the interest of Som Dass in the Dera and its properties and it devolved upon Shiam Dass by virtue of his elec- tion as mahant subsequent to the death of Som Dass. And, as it was in a representative capacity that Som Dass was sued ~ad as it was in .the same representative C'apacity that the appeal was sought to· be continued against Shiam Dass, Order 22, rule 10 will apply('). In Thirumalai v. Arunnchella( 2 ) the Court held that a succeeding trustee of a trustee who filed a suit and thereafter died during its pendency was not legal represenuative of the predecessor in office. The Court said that where some of the trustees die or retire during the pendency ·Of a ~uit and new persons are elected to fill their place, it is a case of -devolution of_ interest during the pendency of a suit and the elected persons can be added as parties under Order 22, rule 10 notwithstand­ ing that the period of limitation for impleading them had expired. In Roshan Lal. v. Kapur Chand(") the Court took the view that newly appointed trustees are '.10t legal representatives of the trustees who had fried the suit and thereafter died during the pendency of the suit, that they can be added as parties under Order 22, rule 10 not­ withst·anding the fact that the period of limitation for an application to (1) see Ratna1nPillai v. Nataraja Desikar, A. I. R. 1924 Madras 615 (I). (2) A I. R. 1926 Madras 540. (3) A. I. R. 1960 Punjab 382. J ;J- + , 't " R!KHU DEV v. SOM DASS (Mathew, J.) 491 impleaded them under Order 22, rule 3 had elapsed. The Court said (at p. 384) : "Such an application is obviously not a•a application under 0. 22, R. 3 Civil Procedure Code." We also see no reason why the High Court should not have granted leave to the appellant to prosecute the appeal. In the result we reverse the decree of the court below and direct the High Court to dispose of the appeal on merits. We allow the appeal but, in the circumstances, make no order as to costs. V.P.S. Appeal allowed.