Commissioner of Income Tax, Patiala v. M/S. Groz Backert Saboo Ltd.

BHAGWATI, J.-This appeal by special leave arises out of an assess­ ment to income-tax made on M/s Groz Backer! Saboo Ltd, (herein- E after referred to as the assessee) for .the assessment ye~r 1962-63 the corrcsponuing accounting year being the financial yedr ending 31st March, 1962. The asscssee set up in collaboration with Mis Theodor Oroz & Soehne and Ernst Backer!, West Germany (here~naftcr Teferred to as the West German Collaborators) a factory for fabrica­ F tion and manufacture of hosiery needles and it was not disputed on behalf of the asscssee that this factory started business sometime prior to the commencement of the relevant year of account. It appears that in the early part of the relevant accounting year, the assessee received from the West German Collaborators consignment of machinery cost- ing Rs. 9,45.545/- and along with this consignment, the West German Collaborators also sent to the assessee certain goods free of cost. These goods consisted partly of raw-materials and partly of semi-finished needles at various stages of manufacture. The invoice in respect of this consignment was dated 4th April, 1961 and it showed only the price of the machinery consigned to the assessee and did not make any mention of the raw materials and §_emi-finished needles supplied to the assessee along with this consignment, since these goods were ·supplied free of cost and no charge was made in respect of the same. The Customs Authorities raised objection in respect of these goods and a separate invoice had, therefore, t~ be sent by the West German Col­ laborators showing Rs. 44,448.20 as tbe value of the raw-materials, namely, wire and strip and Rs. 30,000/- as the value of !be semi­ finished needles supplied to the assessee. These goods were riot enter­ ed in the books of account of the business immediately on receipt by tbe assessee but they were brought into the books for the first time on 30th September, 196 l by making the following entries : Rs. 44,448 .20 debited to the account of "Wire and Strip" and credited to the "Wire and Strip Gift Account" and Rs. 30,000/- debited to the account of "Semi-processed Needles" and credited to the "Semi-processed Needles Gift Account". The assessee utilised these goods in the manufacture of finished products and sold the same in the market and the sale proceeds received by thei assessee were credited in the trading account maintained in the books of account of the business, since they represented revenue receipts arising from the sale of the finished products. On 31st March, 1962, being the last date of the accounting year, the assessee closed the "Wire and Strip Gift Account" and the "Semi·Processcd Needles Gift Account" by transferring the respective sums of Rs. 44,448.20 and Rs. 30,000/- to the credit of the "Capital Reserve Account" and debited an aggregate sum of Rs. 7 4,448.20 to the trading account by making corresponding credit entries in the accounts of "Wire and Strip" and 'Semi-processed Needles". Tile net effect of these entries was that the profit of the assessee was reduced by Rs. 74,448.20. The Income Tax Officer, in course of the assessment of the assessee to iricome tax for the assessment year 1962-63, took the view that the debit of Rs. 74,448.20 was wrongly made in the trading account as on 31st March, 1962 since no monies were expended by the assessee in acquiring the raw-materials and semi-finished needles, but they were received by way of gift from the West German Collaborators and hence no amount was deductible in respect of tbe value of these goods. The same view was taken by !be Appellate Assistant Commissioner in appeal and on further appeal, the Tribunal also aflinned the same view. This led to a Reference by the Tribunal at the instance of the assessee and tbc following two questions were referred for the opinion of the High Court : l. Whether on tbe facts and in !be circnmstances of the ca•e, the sum of Rs. 74,448.20 being the actual value of raw material received from German Collaborators ..... of cogt r()jlnis@nted Revenue receipt ? .. /' ) C.l.T. v. GROZ BACKERT LTD. (Bhagwati, !.) 375 2. Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the amount of Rs. 74,448/- being the actual Talue of raw material received free of cost from German coll_abor~tors was rightly d1'bited at that value to the revenue _iiccount ? The High Court misapprehended the true nature and scope of the controversy between parties and seemed to proceed on the errone­ ou~ impression that what th_e Tribunal had held was that the raw­ materials and semi-finished needles received by the assessee from the West German Collaborators constituted revenue receipt and its value was, therefore, liable to be taxed as income in the hands of the asses• see. The .f!igh Court held that the value of these goods could not be treated as revenue receipt because they had been received by way of gift and in any even, even if they constituted revenue receipt, they could "in no sense be income" since they were taken out of th" ambit of taxability by sub-section ( 3) of section 10 of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The High Court accordingly answered the questions referred by the Tribunal in favour of the assessee and against the Revenue. The Revenue thereupon brought the present appeal with sp"cial leave obtained from this Court. It was found as a fact by the Tribunal, and indeed there was no dispute about it, that the raw-materials and semi-finished needles were received by the assessee from the West German Collaborators free of cost by way of gift. These raw-materials and semi-fini~hed needles wen~ received some time in April, .1961 and it was only on 30th Sep­ tem!>er, 1961 that they were! for the first time introduced in the bo0ks of account of the business. There can, therefore, be no doubt that these raw-materials and semi-finished needles were received bj the assessee as capital assets and subsequently on 30th September, 1961 they were transferred to the business ~s part of its stock. If that be so, the ccst of these raw-materials and semi-finished needles to the busin,,,;s could not be said to be nil, but, on the principle laid down by this Court in Commissioner of Income Tax v. Shirinbai i<:ooka(') and subsequently followed in Commissioner of Income Tax v. Flanre­ para Tea Co. Ltd.('), it would be the market value of these raw-mate­ rials and semi-finished needle~ as on 30th September, 1961. It is now well settled by tlrese decisions that where an assessee converts his capital assets into stock-in-trade and starts dealing in them, the tax­ able profit on the sale must be detennined by deducting from the sale (!) 46 I.T.R. 86. (2) 89 I.T.R. 258. ft, proceeds the market value at the date of their conversion into stock­ in-trade (since this would be the cost to the business) and not the original cost to the assessee. Here, the original cost of these raw­ materials and semi-finished needles to the a§_sessee was undoubtedly nil because these goods were received by the assessee from the West German Collabcrators free of cost, but they were introduced in the business and converted into its stock on 3Qth September, 1961 and, therefore, their market value as on 30th September, 1961 would represent the cost to the business and that would have to be taken into account in de.termining the profit arising from the sale of the manufactured products. The entries made by the assessee in the books of account of the business on 30th September, 1961 clearly reflected this opinion. The asscssee debited the sums of Rs. 44,448.20 and Rs. 30,000/-representing respectively the market value of these raw-materials and semi-finished needles to the stock accounts of "Wire and Strip" and "Semi-processed Needles" which would clearly show that these goods were treated by the assessee as having been introduc- D ed in the business a~ part of its stock at their market value represented by the sums of Rs. 44,448.20 and Rs. 30,000/-. The position was no different than what it would have been if, instead of giving these raw-materials •nd semi-finished needles to the assessee free of cost, the West German Collaborators had gifted the sums of Rs. 44,448.20 e. and Rs. 30,000/-to the assessee and the assessee had introduced these amounts ii; the business and an identica_l quantity of raw malerials and semi-finished needles had been purchased for the business with these amounts. The cost of raw-materia_ls and semi-finished needles thus purchased would have been clearly liable to be deducted from the sale proceeds of the finished products manufactured out o[ them in' determining the profit of the business. Would the position then be different if instead, the West German Collaborators gave these raw­ materials and semi-finished needles to the assessee free of cost and the assessce introduced them in the business as part of its stock. We do not see any distinction in principle between these two types of cases and we are clearly of the view that the cost of these 1 aw-materials and semi-finished needles to the business represented by the sums of Rs. 44,448.ZO and Rs. 30,000/- debited in the respective accounts' of "Wire and Strip" and "Semi-Processed Needles" was liable Iv be deduc~ tcd from the sale proceeds of the finished products in arriving at the profit of the business. It is true that initialJy on 30\h September, 1961 the credit entries for the sums of Rs. 44,448.20 and Rs. 30,000/- v.·ere made in "Wire and Strip Gift Account" and "Semi-processed Needles Gift Account" respectively and it was only on the last date of the ac­ count year, namely, 31st March, 1962 that these amounts were trans- , ,, _,._ C.I.T. v. GROZ BACKERT LTD. (Bhagwati, J.) 37 7 ferred to the credit of the Capital Reserve Account. But that can­ not make any' difference to the correct legal inference to be drawn from the proved facts because the nO'll!encla\ure of the account or accounts in which the credit entries were made is not material but what is really decisive is that these amnun!S_ were debited to the respecti-<e accounts of "Wire and Strip" and "Semi-processed Needles" as representing their real value on 30th September, 1961. These raw-materials and semi-finished needles were introduced in the business as part of its stock at their real value represented by the sums of Rs. 44,448.20 and Rs. 30,000/-. The aggregate amount of Rs. 74,448.20 made up of Rs. 44,448.20 and Rs. 30,000/- was, therefore, liable to be deduc­ ted in determining the profit of the business and it was rightly debited to the trading account. ,Jr- We accordingly dismiss the appeal and answer the questions refer- red by the Tribunal in favour of the assessee and against the Revenue. The Revenue will pay the costs of the appeal to the assessee. S.R. Appeal dismissed. 6-978SCl/78