Bal Kishan Thaper v. Municipal Corporation of Delhi

The Judgment of the Conrt was delivered by FAZAL Au, J.-This appeal by special leave is directed against the Judgment of the Delhi High Court convicting the appellant under section 7/16 of the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, read with Section 2(ix) clause (a) & (g) of the Act and sentenced to rigorous imprisomnent of six months and a fine of Rs. 1,000/-. This order was passed by the High Court in a revision filed by the Municipal Corporation of Delhi against the Order of the Trial Court which con- victed the appellant under section 7 /15 of the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act read with Section 2(ix) (k) of the Act and sentenced him to imprisonment till the rising of the Court and a fine of Rs. 500/-, a revision against this order to the Sessions Jndge was un­ successful and hence a further revision was taken by the Delhi Adminis­ tration before the High Court. The facts of the case are detailed in the Judgment of the High· Court and the Magistrate and we need not repeat the same all over again. The food Inspectors, namely, one Mr. James and Mr. Sinha took samples of a preparation called Para Excellant and Para As!i from the shop of the appellant who according to the Food Inspectors sold these preparations as saccharin, a fact which is not admitted by the appellant. The Trial Court after considering the evidence and the report of the Chemical Examiner fonnd that the case of mis-branding under section 2(ix) (a) & (g) was not made out by the Prosecution, but it was certainly mis-branding as contemplated by section 2(ix) (k) of the Act. He, accordingly convicted the appellant as indicated above. Mr. Frank Anthony, Learned Counsel for the appellant has submitted that the High Court was wrong in law in interfering with the Order of the Magistrate, firstly, because the findings of fact by the ., ) • .: ( B. K. THAPER v. MUNICIPAL CORPORATION (Fazal Ali, J.) 5 53 Magrntrate was binding on the High Court in revision and secondly, because the High Court took a legally erroneous view of tbe law on the interpretation of Section 2(ix) (a) & (g) of the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act. , We have heard learned counsel for the parties and have perused the judgment of the High Court and we are of the opinion that the conten­ tions raised by the learned counsel for the appellant is well founded and must prevail. We have perused the original label which described the preparation sold to the food inspectors. There is nothing to show that the appellant in any way tried to give an impression to the pur­ chaser that either saccharin or some preparation of the type of saccha­ rin was being sold so as to amount to misbranding as contemplated by Section 2(ix) (a) & (g) of the Act. All that the appellant pur­ ported to convey under the label was that the preparation sold was as sweet as saccharin but not as bitter as saccharin. This was intended merely to lay ·emphasis on the sweetness of the preparation when it was compared to the sweetness of saccharin. When the label clearly described the fact that the preparation was not as bitter as saccharin it clearly intended to convey that it was neither something like saccha­ rin nor saccharin itself, in any form or of any type. Mr. Sorabjee appearing for the respondent submitted that the use of the word saccharin itself amounts to mis-branding and gives the impression that the preparation sold was saccharin or something akin to saccharin. We are unable to agree with this contention. In the facts and circums­ tances of the present case and the contents of the label and the des­ cription of the preparation, we are satisfied that there was no mis­ btanding, nor was there any attempt on the part of the appellant to sell his preparation as saccharin or some sort of saccharin. Section 2(ix) (a) runs as follows : "Misbranded"-an article of food shall be deemed to be misbranded- ( a) "If it is an imitation of, or is a substitute for, or re,embles in a manner ·likely to deceive, another article of food under the name of which it is sold, and is not plainly and conspicuously labelled so as to indi­ cate its true character." r G- According to the Additional Solicitor General of India, the sale, by the appellant, of the preparation clearly falls within (iii) clause ff of sub-section (a), that is to say-the preparation resembles saccharin so as to deceive a person who wanted to purchase the article of food known as saccharin. After having examined the label, its description and the contents of the tin and packets, sold to the food inspectors, we are unable to find any evidence of any intention on the part of the appellant to sell a preparation which resembles saccharin in any res­ pect. The words, as sweet as saccharin were merely meant to convey one of the ·qualities of the preparation itself and not the quality of saccharin at all. That, by itself, would not attract the provision of Section 2(ix) (a) of the Act. It was, then submitted that in 0ne of the labels under the directions it was mentioned that the preparation was para saccharin which also shows that the appellant intended to pass on the preparation as some sort of saccharin. In the first place, the use of the word para saccharin appears to be a mistake in the facts of the present case because this word is completely absent from the Hindi portion of the directions contained in the same label. Secondly, the word para saccharin would not indicate that the preparation sold was saccharin in any form or of any kind. It was just a way of des­ cribing it because according to the manufacturers the preparation was as sweet as saccharin. This was mentioned because saccharin being 500 times sweeter than sugar, the manufacturer wanted to convey that the preparation was also much sweeter than sugar and could be used for preparing soda water bottles. It is obvious that if any person who purchased the preparation was not conversent with the English lang­ uage, he would not be misled at all. Having regard to these circumstances we are of the opinion that the case of the appellant does not fall within the clauses (a) & (g) of Section 2(ix) of the Act and the High Court erred in law in convict­ ing the appellant for misbranding under these provisions. For the reasons given above, the appeal is allowed. The order of the High Court is set aside and the sentence of imprisonemnt of six months is also set aside and the fine is reduced to Rs. 500/-. In other words, the order of the Trial Court Magistrate is hereby restored. The appeal is accordingly allowed. N.V.K. A ppea/ ollowed. I,. { 7 ..