A.N. Shashtri v. State of Punjab & Ors.

RANGANATH MISRA, J. These appeals are by special leave and are directed against two separate judgments of the Punjab and Haryana High Court. The first one is against the decision of the High Court in a writ application for qua warranto filed by respondents 2 to 4 G while the second one is against the dismissal of a writ petition filed by the appellant before the High Court challenging his reversion. The short facts are that the appellant was appointed as a Profes­ sor of Ayurvedic Medicines under the Punjab Government. Later, he was appointed as Deputy Director from which post he was further H A promoted as Director. By Order dated 21.10.1981 he was reverted to the post of Deputy Director. On 3 !st October, 1987, the appellant has superannuated. The respondent Nos. 2, 3 and 4, once upon a time students of the appellant came before the High Court asking for a writ of qua warranto challenging the appellant's appointment as Director on promotion on the plea that he did not possess the qualification B prescribed by the Punjab Ayurvedic Department {Class I and Class II) Rules, 1963. Rule 6 of these Rules prescribes: ~ 1 "No person shall be appointed to the service, unless he possesses such qualifications, if any, as are shown in col- . ) umn 4 of Appendix 'A'." --/'\ In Appendix 'A' there is only one post under Class I-that being the post of Director of Ayurved. The requisite qualifications for that post -f.. as provided in Appendix 'A' are the following: "(1) A degree (5 years or more of regular course) in Ayurvedic system of medicine of a Medical Board or Faculty of Indian Medicine recognised by the Government. (2) Doctor of Science in Ayurvedic Medicine (Post Graduate) of any recognised University. {3) Must have worked as an Organisor in some Ayurvedic Institution of repute such as Government Ayurvedic Department in any State for a period of at least ten years. ( 4) Has conducted original research in Ayurvedic Therapy. (5) Must be an Ayurvedic Physician of at least 15 years standing." G Challenge in the High Court was on the ground that the appellant did ~ not possess the prescribed qualifications under Items 1 and 2. The writ petition was filed soon after the appellant was promoted to the post of _J.,_ Director, and during the pendency of the writ petition the order of reversion as referred to above had been passed. H Tlte appellant opposed the writ application by contending that he A.N. SHASHTRI v. STATE OF PUNJAB [MISRA, J.] 367 possesses the requisite qualifications and, inter alia, averred in the return mad~ to rule that the petitioners before the High Court were his students and on account of ill motive, they had filed the application challenging the appointment of the appellant as Director. The State Government initially supported the appellant but later took a different stand. The High Court has found that the appellant possessed the second qualification, namely, that he had obtained the Doctor of Science Degree in Ayurvedic as prescribed. In regard to the first quali­ fication, the High Court found that the appellant had a Degree in Ayurvedic system of Medicine from a recognised Institution and the degree that the appellant possesses has been duly recognised by the Government of Punjab, but it found that the appellant had not studied in regular course for five years to obtain the degree and, therefore, came to the conclusion that the requisite qualification was not posses­ sed by the appellant. Accordingly, it allowed the writ petition and came to hold that the appellant was not qualified to hold the post of Director. When the question of challenge to the reversion came for consideration in the connected writ petition, the High Court took the view that since the appellant did not possess the first qualification, he was not entitled to the post of Director and was not entitled to challenge the reversion to the post of Deputy Director. We shall first deal with the appeal arising out of the quo warranto proceedings. The first qualification which we have referred to above appears to be a common qualification for almost all the ranks covered by Appendix 'A', namely, that a degree should have been obtained after five or more years of regular course having been gone through. No dispute has been raised to the appellant's appointment as Deputy Director. Learned counsel appearing for the respondents who had petitioned the High Court pointed out with reference to the cor­ respondence with the State Public Service Commission that in regard to the qualification for the post of Deputy Director, a degree or diploma was considered sufficient. The State Public Service Commis­ sion had raised objection to the Government's proposal of fixing the degree qualification by pointing out that since a degree after studying for five or more years of regular course was the requirement for the higher post of Director, a lesser qualification should be prescribed for the post of Deputy Director and accordingly the alternates had been adopted. When we pointed out to her that for the post of Assistant Director-it cannot be disputed that Deputy Director's is a superior post-the requirement was five years or more of regular course in Ayurvedic with a diploma, there was really no answer. We would accordingly hold that the High Court should have looked into this A aspect to find out what exactly was the requirement. In view of the fact that there was no challenge to the appointment of the appellant to the post of Deputy Director and the first item of the qualification is the same for the Director as also the Assistant Director and as Deputy Director, the appellant held a post between the two, we are not impre­ ssed by the stand of the respondents that the appellant was not posses- B sed of the requisite qualification. There is no dispute that the appellant had been serving as Professor for several years. The requisite qualifi­ cation for that post as per Appendix 'A', as far as relevant is: "A Degree (five years regular course) in Ayurvedic system of Medicine of a recognised University, or of a board of Indian System of Medicine established by law or from any Ayurvedic College recognised by Government." As far as this qualification goes, there is indeed no difference in the .,.. case of a Professor and that of Director. In giving appointment to the appellant as Professor, it must follow that Government were satisfied D that appellant had the requisite qualification. There is material on record to show that in regard to the degree obtainable on completion of the five year course, the appellant had read as a regular student for three years in the first instance and for the _. remaining two years he was directly under a qualified Professor though -.., E it was not study in a regular institution. After reading for five years he has obtained the degree which has been from a recognised University. In the circumstances, it has become difficult to agree with the reasons given by the High Court for its conclusion that the appellant was not having the requisite qualification prescribed under the Rules. F Mr. Rao, counsel for the appellant relied upon a decision of this Court in Satesman (Private) Ltd. v. H.R. Deb & Ors., [1968] 3 SCR 614 at page 621 of the Reports, Hidaytullah, CJ. speaking for the Constitution Bench indicated: "The High Court in a quo warranto proceeding should be slow to pronounce upon the matter unless there is a clear infringement of the law" It the circumstances which we have narrated, it is indeed difficult to hold that the appellant did not have the requisite qualificatiou. H A yurveda is the traditional method of medical attention preva- A.N. SHASHTR! v. STATE OF PUNJAB [MISRA, J.[ 369 lent in this country. Modem science and people associated with the medical faculties of the modern age have gradually accepted the posi­ tion that Ayurveda provided a fully developed medical process. In the post medieval India the system had suffered a set back but in recent years, the Ayurved system has been revived. In the post-independence period, the system has been accepted as a regular course of study and recognised as a system of therapy. The High Court should have given due consideration to the background and the history of ihe matter. There is clear material that the petitioners before the High Court were the once-upon-a-time students of the appellant. Ordinarily one would expect obligations, piety and reverence in the conduct of the writ petitioners towards the appellant. This expectation would be more justified in the traditional system of Ayurved culture. Surpris­ ingly that seems to have been totally wanting. The appellant has, on the other hand, alleged that the writ petition was the outcome of malice and ill will. The High Court did not appropriately advert to this aspect. We are of the view that in the facts of this case, the reasonable D conclusion to reach should have been that the writ petitioners had failed to establish that the appellant did not possess the requisite qualification. The appeal has, therefore, to be allowed, the judgment of the High Court has to be set aside and the writ petition has to be dismissed with costs. Now we come to the appeal challenging the reversion. The writ petition has been dismissed on the sole ground that the appellant was not possessed of the requisite qualification and, therefore, was not entitled to continue as Director. Now that we have reversed the find- ing or'the High Court on that score, the judgment of the High Court cannot be sustained. Reversion as admitted by the State Government in its counter in the High Court was grounded upon non-possession of the requisite qualification. With our finding in the connected appeal. the order of the High Court cannot be sustained. Nor can the order of reversion be. The other appeal too is allowed with costs. The appellant shall be treated to have been regularly appointed as Director.and shall be treated to have retired in the post of Director-the order of rever- G sion notwithstanding. He shall be entitled to all the benefits prescribed for the post of Director from the date he came to the post till he retired. All his dues shall be paid to him within three months from today. Consolidated hearing fee of Rs.5 ,OOO is allowed to the appellant and this shall be paid by the respondent-State alone. P.S.S. Appeals allowed. H