State of Maharashtra v. Mahadeo Deoman Rai Alias Kalal and Others

SHARMA, J. This appeal by special leave is directed against the decision of the Bombay High Court on a writ petition filed by the respondent No. 1, hereinafter referred to as the respondent. The application of the respondent for permitting construction on the land in question described as plots No. 29 and 30 in the town of Nasik was rejected by the Nasik Municipal Council, which led to the filing of the · D writ case. 2. In 1955 the respondent purchased the land in question from one Patwardhan and in 1957 obtained pennission to construct a build­ ing thereon. However, no construction was made and in March, 1962, a notification under s. 4 of the Land Acquisition Act was issued for the E purpose of establishing a Tonga Stand. The respondent made a fresh · application for permission to make construction. He was told not to do so on the ground that the land was reserve<! for road widening under a Town Planning Scheme which was being implemented. He however started construction work and when prevented· from so doing, filed a writ application in the High Court which was later withdrawn. Subse- F quently he filed a suit in the civil court inter alia claiming damages. Soon thereafter a resolution was passed by the Municipal Council on February 13, 1967 whereby a decision was taken to accord permission to the respondent as asked for. The suit was thereaftet withdrawn. 3. The aforesaid development came to the notice of the State G , Government, and the Municipal Council was asked to explain the circumstances, and a high power Committee was appointed to examine the entire matter. The aforesaid resolution was thereafter rescinded by the Municipal Council, and the respondent filed a fresh application .for permission to construct, which was kept in abeyance by the Council on the ground that the matter was under consideration by the Committee. H A Another writ petition being Special Civjl Application No. 993 of 1969 was thereupon filed by the respondent in the High Court in 1969. While this case was pending, the Committee submitted its report and a _..,-. ~ fresh resolution was passed on 29 .6.1970, a copy whereof is Ext. 'O', inter alia, deciding to re-plan the Scheme with respect to the area in question, in accordance with the recommendation of the Committee. B Consequently the matter was re-opened and objections from the affected persons were invited and the respondent filed his objection petition. However these facts were not placed before the High Court ~ in Special Civil Application No. 993 of 1969 and, without taking them in consideration, the case was disposed of by the judgment contained in Ext. 'A' dated 18.4.1972. Without going into the merits of the --I matter, the High Court directed that; "The petitioner's applicat10n to Respondent No. 1 dated July 18, 1968, for construction permission shall be disposed of by Respondent No. l in accordance with law". The Municipal Council by its order dated the 21st of November, 1972 x rejected the respondent's application on the basis of the resolution dated the 29th of June, 1970, Ext. 'O', stating that the plots in question D were required for road widening, and the Town Planning Scheme was being modified accordingly. This order was challenged before the High Court by a writ application out of which the present appeal arises. On behalf of the respondent it was urged before the High Court in support of the writ petition that the disputed question must be deemed to have been finally settled in his favour in view of the earlier ,.,.;,. E judgment, Ext. 'A' in S.C.A. No. 993 of 1969 which was binding on the parties by reason of rule of res judicata. It was contended on behalf of the State of Maharashtra and the Municipal Council that the plea of res _iudicata was not available mainly for the reason that no final deci- sion was arrived at in the earlier case. It w_as_pointed out that_t!i<l 1970 Resolution, Ext. 'O', was not even brought to the notice of the court ~ F by any party, and the High Court without ~nsidering the merits of the respondent's prayer merely directed the j\\unicipal Council to recon- A sider his application dated the 18th of July;,. 1968 and dispose it of in accordance with law. The High Court was not impressed by this reply and allowed the writ application on the basis of the principle of con- structive res judicata. It has been observed,that it was for the State or G the Municipal Council to have relied upon the 1970 Resolution and since this was not done, their answer based upon the said resolution cannot now be entertained. By the impugned judgment it has also been said that having regard to the circumstances in which the earlier ~ judgment Ext. 'A' was delivered, the same must be interpreted as issuing a peremptory direction to accord permission for construction H without further consideration of the pray~r on merits. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA v. M.D. RAJ [SHARMA, J.) 537 4. Mr. V.M. Tarkunde, the learned counsel for the respondent, while supporting the above view of the High Court has contended that the resolution of 13.2.1967 was passed by way of a compromise bet­ ween the parties, and acting upon the same the respondent withdrew his suit which he had earlier filed in the civil court, and, therefore, the Municipal Council cannot be permitted to wriggle out of the situation. He also relied upon an affidavit which has been filed. recently and suggested that if the present circumstances are taken into considera­ tion the conclusion would be that the disputed land is not required either for widening the road or for any other public purpose, and the authorities have been acting ma/a fide at the behest of the respondents No. 4 and 5. So far the 1970 Resolution is concerned, it is urged that the same should be completely ignored and the Municipal Council should not be allowed to bypass the judgment of the High Court in the earlier case. Mr. Patil, the learned counsel for the appel­ lant, has reiterated the stand taken in the High Court that the judg­ ment Ext. 'A' did not decide any issue, and cannot be interpreted as a direction commanding the Municipal Council to allow the proposed construction. He said that at the present stage it is not possible to finally decide the question as to whether the objections to the pro­ posed scheme raised by the respondent have any substance or not. They were invited by 1970 Resolution to place their case and to pre­ sent their point of view before the Municipal Council. It is stated on behalf of the Municipal Council that the plots in question are urgently needed for providing parking space for vehicles. 5. Having regard to the sequence of events in this case, we are unable to accept the contention that the Resolution dated 13.2.1967 was the result of a binding compromise between the parties. The fact that the respondent has withdrawn his suit for damages could not by itself indicate that the Municipality was bound by the said Resolution. The Municipality was equally answerable to State Government which restrained the respondent from proceeding with the construction and appointed a high power Committee to go into the entire matter. The Committee gave a report stating that the land in question would be needed for the proper circulation of traffic. Equally we find that there is no scope for application of the principles of res judicata. We agree with the appellants that by the judgment Ext. 'A' the High Court did not finally decide the controversy and it remained open for the Municipal Council to decide, by reconsidering and disposing of the application of the respondent in accordance with law. 6. Besides, the question as to whether a particular Scheme H framed in exercise of statutory provisions is in the public interest or not has to be determined according to the need of the time and a final decision for all times to come cannot be taken. A particular scheme may serve the public purpose at a given point of time but due to change of circumstances it may become essential to modify or substitute it.by another scheme. The requirements of the community do not remain static; they indeed, go on varying with the evolving process of social life. Accordingly, there must be creative response from the public authority, and the public scheme must be varied to meet the changing needs of the public. At the best for the respondent, it can be assumed that in 1967 when the resolution in his favour was passed, the acquisi­ tion of the land was not so urgently essential so as to call for his dispossession. But for that reason it cannot be held that the plots became immune from being utilised for any other public purpose for ever. The State or a body like the Municipal Council entrusted with a public duty to look after the requirements of the community has to assess the situation from time to time and take necessary decision periodically. We, therefore, hold that the Resolution dated 13.2.1967 was not binding on the Municipal Council so as to disable it to take a different decision later. 7. So far the plea of ma/a /ides is concerned, the High Court has not recorded any finding; and we do not find any material to support the respondent's allegation. 8. For the reasons mentioned above, the impugned judgment of the High Court is set aside and the writ petition of the respondent filed in the High Court is dismissed. The respondent may even now avail the opportunity given by the 1970 Resolution, and press his objections promptly and in that case the Municipal Council may dispose of the same in accordance with law. The appeal is accordingly allowed, but the parties shall bear their own costs. P.S.S. Appeal allowed .