State of Maharashtra and Anr. Aw. Dhope and Ors v. Shri Sanjay Thakre and Ors.

HANSARIA, J. The incessant dispute of inter-se seniority between direct recruits and promotees needs solution in these appeals relating to the incumbents belonging to the cadre of Assistant Conservator of Forests in the Maharashtra Forests Service, Class- II. 2. Two of the direct recruits approached the Maharashtra Ad- H 544 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1995) 2 S.C.R. A ministrative Tribunal, Nagpur Bench, making a grievance about their seniority qua some promotees. The Tribunal after examining the matter in great detail allowed the petition by quashing two of the State Government's decisions and directing the respondents before it to determine inter-se seniority by following the quota rule. Feeling aggrieved, the State as well B as some of the promotees have preferred these appeals. 3. There is no dispute before us that the service rule did lay down quota of 1:1 between the promotees and direct recruits. It is also not in dispute that appointment at the relevant time had not been made as per the quota. The real bone of contention between the parties is whether on C the facts it could be said that quota rule had broken down, which stand of the appellants did not favour with the Tribunal. Secondly, could it be said that promotions in the present case were not fortuitious, because of which , in view of what was held by a Constitution Bench of this Court in The Direct Recruit Class-II Engineering Officers' Association's case, AIR (1990) RC D 1607, the seniority has to be reckoned from the date of promotion. 4. Insofar as the first aspect of the case is concerned, we find that the State had advanced two reasons for not making direct appointments to the posts in question for a long period of 10 years. The Tribunal has dealt with the same in para 22 of the impugned judgment. As to the first reason, E which was non-availability of pre-recruitment training facility for the As­ sistant Conservator of Forests, the Tribunal has observed that this reason is perfunctory, because the State did not bring on record as to how many seats for the training were required and how many were not allotted. The second reason given was the publication of Indian Forests Service (Recruit- F ment) Rules, 1966, in 1970, as per which Rules the initial recruitment to the Indian Forests Service was required to be made from the State Forest Service. The Tribunal has observed that even if that was so, that was in the year 1970 and it is not understandable as to why direct recruitments were not made in the succeeding years till 1981. G 5. Shri Dholakia, appearing for the some of the promotees, has strenuously urged that the Tribunal was not correct in not giving due weight to the re_asons_advanced by the State in not having -made direct recruitment in time as required by the Rules. Having noted. the reasons given by the Tribunal for non-acceptance of the stand taken by the State, we do not H think if the examination of the matter by us under Article 13{) of the j STATE OF MAHARASHTRA v. S.1HAKRE [HANSARIA,J.] 545 Constitution would permit us to describe the view taken by the Tribunal A so unreasonable as to merit interference with the same. We, therefore, hold that the present was not a case about which is could be said that the quota rule had broken down. In this connection it would be apposite to refer to Keshav Chandra Joshi v. Union of India, [1992) Supp. 1 SCC 272 and A.N. Shehgal v. R.R. Sheoram, [1992] Supp. 1 SCC 304 which are, judgments by three-judge and two-judge Benches respectively. Both these cases dealt with the promotions given to the concerned persons in excess of the quota, because of which it was stated that their promotions were not according to rules. The promotions were, therefore, held to be fortuitous; it was also observed that the seniority could not be counted from the dates of for­ tuitous promotions. These cases voiced the feeling of the Court that the State having made the rules, should implement the same in letter and spirit; any justification for dereliction in implementation should not be coun­ tenanced; it should really be snubbed. 6. Insofar as in the second aspect of the case is concerned, Shri D Bhandare, appearing for the State, is at pains to urge that in view of what was held by a three-judge Bench of this Court in State of West Bengal v. Aghore Nath Dey & Ors., [1993] 3 SCC 371, the present was pre-eminently a fit case where the service rendered by the promotees, even though ad-hoc, was required to be counted for the purpose of seniority. We have two observations to make regarding this submission. The first is that Aghore E Nath's was not a case of claim by the promotees for seniority over direct recruits; as was in the cases 0f Janardhana and Narender Chadha, ratio of which cases was not applied inAghore Nath's case for the reason that the cases did not deal with inter-se seniority between direct recruits and promotees. So the ratio ofAghore Nath's case cannot apply to the facts of F the present case as here we are concerned with inter-se seniority. This apart, a perusal of Aghore Nath's decision shows that benefit of ad-hoc service would not be admissible if appointment be in violation of rules. No the quota rule had not broken down as held by the Tribunal which view we have affirmed, the appointment of promotees has to be regarded as in violation of rules. G 7. The contention of Shri Bhandare that the concerned provisions are executive instructions, having no statutory force, because of which the S~ate could deviate from the ratio, lacks force and deserves to be rejected. Apart from the fact that it was not factually pleaded and contested before the H 546 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1995) 2 S.C.R. A Tribunal, the State having laid down the ratio even though the same be by way of executive instructions, it does not really lie in the mouth of the State to contend that the instructions having no statutory force could be deviated. 8. For the aforesaid reason, what was stated by the Constitution Bench in The Direct Recrnit Class-I/ Engineering Officers Association's case B (supra) would not also apply, because to get benefit of what was stated in sub-para (B) of para 44, which is strongly pressed into service by Shri Dholakia, the appointment has to be as per the rules, which was not so in the present case so far as the promotees are concerned. , 9. It was also faintly submitted on behalf of the appellants that the promotees in the present cases had not been appointed fortuitously. This submission has to be made to be rejected, because of what has been stated by the Tribunal in paragraph 17 of the judgment which is to the following effect: ... . ... ... . ... . .... we are constrained to mention that neither the petitioners nor any of these respondents have produced the relevant promotion orders on the basis of which it could have been · possible to discern whether they were promoted fortuitously to the said posts of not. Thus, we are left in dark." The Tribunal has further mentioned in paragraph 18 that even the State Government was silent as to whether the promotions were fortuitous. So, the material placed on record of the Tribunal would not permit us to __ accept the contention on behalf of the promotees that their promotions F were not fortuitous. 10. The result is that there is no force in these appeals which stand dismissed. On the facts and circumstances of the case, we, however, make no order as to costs. T.N.A. Appeals dismissed.