Regional Manager, Central Bank of India v. Madhulika Guruprasad Dahir and Ors.

F . D.K. JAIN, J.: 1. Leave granted. 2. This appeal, by special leave, has been preferred by the Central Bank of India, a public sector undertaking, against the judgment and order dated 6th April, 2005, passed by the High Court of Judicature at Bombay, Nagpur Bench, in Writ G ~ Petition No.2558 of 2003. By the impugned judgment, the writ __,_. 4 petition filed by the first respondent, hereinafter referred to as 'the employee', challenging the order of termination of her ser- vices has been allowed with a direction to reinstate her with continuity in service but without back-wages. H -324 . : .SUPREME COURT REPORTS· - [2008] 11 S.C.R. ·A 3. The employeewas appointed to the post of Clerk in the appellant-Ban~witJi effect from 18th March, 1981, against a post reserved for "Scheduled Tribes", as she had Claimed to be be­ longing to "Thakur Scheduled Tribe", ·on the basis of a caste certificate is~sued on 4th Decemb.er, 1979 .. In March,. 1991 , she B was promqted as Junior Officer. It appears that pursuant to the instructions issued by the Government of India, Ministry of Fi­ nance, Department of Economic Affairs on 23rd March, 1990, directing all the public sector banks/financial institutions to get the caste certificates of the existing employees, be.longing to . c various scheduled tribes, verified, the' caste certificate filed by the employee was referred to the CommitteeJor Scrutiny and Verification of Tribe Claims, Nagpur (for short the Scrutiny Com­ . mittee), respondent No.2 herein. 4. The Scrutiny Committee granted an opportunity of hear- . D ing to the employee on 11th October, 1999; made its own in­ quiries and found thatthe employee was not origina~ly belong­ ing to "Thakur Scheduled Tribe" but had obtained the Sched­ uled Tribe certificate from the issuing authority to take advan­ tage of various concessions given to the tribal· communities . . E The Scrutiny Committee discovered that the employee had stud­ ied in Jeevan Shikshan Vidyalaya, Nagpur and by blotting out the original caste "RajputDahayat" as mentioned in the school leaving certificate, noted down the caste as "Thakur", and thus, took admission in college on the basis of caste certificate F "Thakur", which caste also got mentioned in the college leaving certificate of the employee. In the absence of any documentary evidence adduced by the employee to prove her claim, the Scru­ tiny Committee· relied on the affinity test and found that the em­ ployee qid not show any affinity towards "Thakur Scheduled G Tribe". Accordingly, vide its order dated 2nd May, 2000, the Scru­ tiny Committee cancelled the caste certificate dated 4th De­ cember, 1979, issued to the employee. 5. The aforesaid order of the Scrutiny Committee was challenged by the employee by way of a writ petition. The High H Court allowed the writ petition on the ground that there was non I +- ... REGIONAL MANAGER, CENTRAL BANK OF INDIA v. 325 MADHULIKA GURUPRASAD DAHIR & ORS. [D.K. JAIN, J.] .. application of mind on the part of the Scrutiny Committee; set A aside its order dated 2"d May, 2000 and remanded the matter to the Scrutiny Committee for reconsideration of the caste claim of the employee. 6. Pursuant thereto, the Scrutiny Cbmmittee, reconsidered B the caste claim of the employee. Concurring with its earlier find-·-4. ings, vide order dated 29th May, 2003, the Committee again rejected the claim of the employee and cancelled the caste certificate dated 4th December, 1979. Consequently, by order dated 28th June, 2003, the services of the employee were ter- minated by the appellant on the ground that her tribe claim had c been invalidated. Aggrieved, the employee preferred a writ petition challenging both the said orders. 7. It is pertinent, however, to note that at the hearing of the writ petition before the High Court, the employee did not chal- D lenge the correctness of the order of the Scrutiny Committee, ~ dated 29th May, 2003 and the same attained finality, which mani- festly shows that the employee accepted the finding of the Scru- tiny Committee that she did not belong to ''Thakur Scheduled Tribe", as recorded on the caste certificate filed for obtaining E employment. The order of termination of service was challenged only on the ground of inordinately delay of more than 1 O years in making a reference to the Scrutiny Committee for verifica- tion of the caste certificate. Accepting the said plea of the em- ployee, while upholding the order of the Scrutiny Committee dated 29th May, 2003, invalidating the caste certificate, the High F ~ Court has quashed the order of termination dated 28th June, 2003. The High Court has observed that since the services of the employee have been terminated after a period of twenty two years on the basis that she does not belong to the Sched- uled Tribe and the employee having herself given up the claim G of belonging to the Scheduled Tribe, the interest of justice de- .... -+ mands that the employee be continued in service. Aggrieved thereby, the appellant has come up before us in this appeal. 8. Learned counsel appearing on behalf of the appellant A submitted that having found that the findings of the Scrutiny Committee were correct, the High Court should not have quashed the order of termination of service, as admittedly the employee had obtained appointment by fraudulent means by producing a false caste certificate. It was asserted that neither B the delay in reference to the Scrutiny Committee nor the time taken by the Committee in scrutinizing the certificate can be used as a ground to validate a fraudulent action. It was also urged that having entered the service by deceitful means, ren­ dering of long period of services does not entitle the appellant c to any relief in equity. In support of the proposition, reliance was placed on the decisions of this Court in Addi. General Man­ ager-Human Resource, Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. Vs. Suresh Ramkrishna Burde 1 and Bank of India & Anr. Vs. A vinash 0. Mandivikar & Ors. 2 . D 9. Per contra, learned senior counsel appearing on be- half of the employee, while supporting the decision of the High Court, submitted that in the absence of any finding by the Scru­ tiny Committee that the caste certificate had been obtained fraudulently, the High Court was justified in directing her rein- E statement. Learned counsel contended that it has not been evolved as a general principle that in every case where the caste claim is rejected, the equitable jurisdiction of the Court is ousted. In support of the submission that the parameters for consider­ ation of claim for employment are different in a case of fraud as F compared to a mere rejection of such a claim, learned counsel referred us to the decisions of this Court in Suresh Ramkrishna Burde (supra), Manjula Sircar & Ors. Vs. Harendra Bahadur Singh & Ors. 3 and Punjab National Bank & Anr. Vs. Vilas, SI 0 Govindrao Bokade & Anr. 4 . G 10. The sequence and the narration of facts above leaves little doubt in our mind that the caste certificate, on the basis whereof the employee got employment, was false to her knowl­ edge. Based on that the Scrutiny Committee, on reconsidera­ tion after remand by the High Court, vide order dated 291h May, H 2003, again invalidated employee's caste certificate, resulting REGIONAL MANAGER, CENTRAL BANK OF INDIA v. 327 MADHULIKA GURUPRASAD DAHIR & ORS. [D.K. JAIN, J.] in termination of the services by order dated 28th June, 2003 A (supra). As noted above, the said order of the Scrutiny Com- mittee having not been challenged, has attained finality and re- mains in operation. It is, thus, not a case of mere rejection of a claim and the cited authorities are inapplicable. 11. In the above background, the questions for our con- B ... sideration would be: (i) whether delay in making reference to the Scrutiny Committee for verification of the caste certificate as also the delay on the part of the Scrutiny Committee in such verification per se vitiates the order of termination of services of an employee, even when the certificate is ultimately found to c ...... be false and (ii) whether because of the employee having ren- dered services to the employer for over twenty years, would it be equitable to cancel her appointment, when admittedly in the first instance the employee was not eligible for such appoint- ment? D . 1 12. Both the issues are no longer res integra. The impli- cations of misuse of the benefits conferred by the Constitution on a particular section or sections of the citizenry were high- lighted by this Court in Kumari Madhuri Patil & Anr. Vs. Addi. E Commissioner, Tribal Development & Ors. 5 . It was said that the admission wrongly gained or appointment wrongly obtained on the basis of false social status certificate necessarily has the effect of depriving the genuine Scheduled Castes or Sched- uled Tribes or OBC candidates as enjoined in the Constitution of the benefits conferred on them by the Constitution. The genu- F ~ ine candidates are also denied admission to educational insti- tutions or appointments to office or posts under a State for want of social status certificate. Therefore, with a view to streamline the procedure for the issuance of social status certificates, their scrutiny and their approval, the Court issued as many as fifteen G directions. One of the directions so issued, was that as soon _ _. as the finding is recorded by the Scrutiny Committee, holding that the certificate obtained was false, on its cancellation and confiscation simultaneously, it should be communicated to the educational institution concerned, or the appointing authority H A with a request to cancel the admission or the. appointment. Thereupon, the admission or the appointment shall be cancelled without any further notice to the candidate and the candidate shall be debarred from further study or continue in office in a post. .13. Similarly, the plea regarding rendering of services for a long period has been considered and rejected in a series of decisions of this Court and we deem it unnecessary to launch on exhaustive dissertation on principles in this context. It would suffice to state that except in a few decisions, where the ad mis- c sion/appointment was not cancelled because of peculiar fac­ tual. matrix obtaining therein, the consensus of judicial opinion is that equity, sympathy or generosity has no place where the original appointment rests on a false caste certificate. A per­ son who enters the service by producing a false caste certifi- D · cate and obtains appointment for the post meant for a Sched­ uled Cast~ or Scheduled Tribe or OBC, as the case may be, deprives a genuine candidate falling in either of the said cat­ egories, o'f appointment to that post, does not deserve any sym­ pathy or· i,r'idulgence of this Court. He who comes to the Court E: with a claim based on falsity and deception cannot plead eq­ uity nor· the Court would be justified to exercise equity jurisdic­ tion in his favour. An act of deliberate deception with a design to sepure something, which is otherwise not due, tantamounts to fraud. Fraud is a conduct either by letter or words, which in- F; duc~s.'the other person or authority to take a definite determi­ nati.ve stand as a response to the conduct of the former either by words or letter. [See: R. Vishwanatha Pillai Vs. State of Kera/a & Ors. 6 .. Bank of India (supra), Addi. General Manager (supra), Derry Vs. Peek7 , Ram Preeti Yadav Vs. UP Board of High School and Intermediate Education & Ors. 8 and G Bhc:/ilrao· Dagdu Paralkar Vs. State of Maharashtra & Ors. 9 ] · 14. In Ram Chandra Singh Vs. Savitri Devi & Ors. 10 , this Court had ·observed that fraud is anathema to all equitable prin­ ciples and any affair tainted with fraud cannot be perpetuated H or saved by the application of any equitable doctrine. , F .. REGIONAL MANAGER, CENTRAL BANK OF INDIA v. 329 MADHULIKA GURUPRASAD DAHIR & ORS. [D.K. JAIN, J.] 15. Recently, in State of Maharashtra & Ors. Vs. Ravi A . Prakash Babula/sing Parmar & Anr. 11 , dealing with a similar situation, this Court has observed thus: ''The makers of the Constitution laid emphasis on equality amongst citizens. The Constitution of India provides for protective discrimination and reservation so as to enable B the disadvantaged group to come on the same platform as that of the forward community. If and when a person takes an undue advantage of the said beneficent provision of the Constitution by obtaining the benefits of reservation and other benefits provided under the Presidential Order C although he is not entitled thereto, he not only plays a fraud on the society but in effect and substance plays a fraud on the Constitution. When, therefore, a certificate is granted to a person who is not otherwise entitled thereto, itJ~. entirely incorrect to contend that the State shall ~e. helples~ D spectator in the matter." 16. Having considered the matter in the light of the afore­ stated legal position, in our judgment, the decision of the High Court is untenable. As noted supra, the employee having ac­ cepted the finding of the Scrutiny Committee, holding that the E caste certificate furnished by the employee was false, the very foundation of her appointment vanished and her appointment was rendered illegal. Her conduct renders her unfit to be con­ tinued in service and must necessarily entail termination of her service. Under these circumstances, there is absolutely no jus- F tification for her claim in respect of the post merely on the ground that she had worked on the post for over twenty years. The post was meant for a reserved candidate but she usurped the same by misrepresentation and deception. In our opinion, the fact that caste certificate was referred to the Scrutiny Com- G mittee for verification after ten years of her joi!)ing the service and a long time was taken by the Scrutiny Committee to verify the same is of no consequence inasmuch as delay on both the counts does not validate the caste certificate and the conse- quent illegal appointment. H A 17. We are also unable to persuade ourselves to agree with learned counsel for the employee that in the absence of any finding of fraud having been played by the employee, the order of the High Court is equitable and should not be inter­ fered with. As noted above, the selection of the employee was B ·conceived in deceit and, therefore, could not be saved by equi­ table considerations. · 18. In view of the aforegoing discussion, the impugned j.udgment and order quashing the order of termination of ser­ vice of the employee and directing her reinstatement cannot be C sustained. The order of termination based on the report of the Scrutiny Committee does not suffer from any infirmity and the High Court should not have interfered with the same. 19. Accordingly, the appeal is allowed, the judgment and 0 order of the High Court dated. 61h April, 2005 is set aside but with no order as to costs. B.B.B. Appeal allowed. .... ~·· t-