B.C. Nagaraj & Anr v. the State of Karnataka & Ors

JUDGMENT ABHAY S. OKA, J. FACTUAL ASPECTS 1. The appellants were employed initially as Physical Instructors in Government Grade Colleges in Karnataka. The fi rst appellant reached the selection grade pay scale of the University Grants Commission (UGC) on 1st January 1986. The second appellant was granted senior scale of pay on 1st January 1986 and selection grade of pay from 13th July 1990. The fi rst 237 appellant was superannuated on 31st January 1998, and the second appellant was superannuated on 31st May 2004. Both, at the time of retirement, were selection grade Physical Education Directors in the Sta te Government colleges. 2. On 15th November 1999, the State Government issued an order revising the pay scale of Teachers, Librarians and Phy sical Education Directors in the Government colleges. Under the said Government order, the benefi t of the University Grants Commission (UGC) pay scales as revised from 1st January 1996 was granted to these three categor ies of employees with retrospective eff ect from 1st January 1996. On the same day, by a separate order, the benefi t of the revised pay scale was granted to Teachers, Librarians and Directors of Education in the Government-aided colleges. The order dated 15th November 1999 was partially modifi ed on 29th July 2000. A circular was issued by the Government of Karnataka on 23rd October 2001 stating that physical education and library personnel drawing UGC pay scales of 1996 shall not be granted other government benefi ts under the Government Order dated 15th November 1999. 3. The appellants were denied the benefi t of the Government Order dated 15th November 1999. Therefore, the appellants fi led an application before the Karnataka Administrative Tribunal, which was rejected. They fi led a Writ Petition before the High Court to challenge the or der of the Tribunal. Writ Petition was dismissed by the impugned judgmen t. The impugned judgment relies upon a Government Order dated 4th July 2008, which records that the revised UGC pay scale shall be extended from 27th July 1998 notionally and all fi nancial benefi ts shall be extended prospectively from 4th July 2008, and no arrears shall be paid. SUBMISSIONS 4. The learned counsel appearing for the appellants pointed out that one Shri N. Ramesh, who retired as a Director of Physic al Education (selection grade), was granted the benefi t of the Government Order dated 15th November 1999. He superannuated on 28th February 2006. Later on, the benefi ts granted to the said employee were sought to be recovered from him, and therefore, he fi led a Writ Petition before the High Court. The High Court held that the benefi t of the revised UGC pay scale was rightly extended earlier to the said employee, and therefore, the High Court, by judgm ent B.C. NAGARAJ & ANR. v. THE STATE OF KARNATAKA & ORS.[ABHAY S. OKA, J.] and order dated 13th February 2009, directed that all benefi ts be extended to him. He pointed out that the Division Bench confi rmed the said order in a Writ Appeal fi led by the respondents, and a Special Leave Petition fi led against the orders has been dismissed. Placing reliance on the documents annexed to the application for permission to fi le additional documents (IA No.61474 of 2022), he submitted that even in 2014, full benefi ts under the Government Order dated 15th November 1999 were extended to similarly placed employees. 5. Learned Additional Advocate General appearing for th e State of Karnataka submitted that the orders passed in the Writ Petition fi led by Shri N. Ramesh are per incuriam since the Government O rder dated 4th July 2008 which incorporated the clarifi cation issued on 19th O ctober 2006 by UGC was not brought to the notice of the Courts. He pointed out that by a judgment and order dated 29th April 2011 passed by the Division Bench of Karnataka High Court in Writ Appeal no.234 of 2007 (State of Karnataka & Anr. v. Puttaswamy and Ors.), th e benefi t of the Government Order dated 15th November 1999 was denied to the similarly placed employee on the basis of the order dated 19th Oct ober 2006 of UGC. He submitted that the order dated 4th July 2008 issued by the State Government is in terms of the order of UGC dated 19th Oct ober 2006, which lays down that the benefi t of revised pay scales with eff ect from 1st January 1996 shall be extended from 27th July 1998 notionally and all fi nancial benefi ts shall be extended prospectively from 4th July 2008 and that the employees will not be entitled to arrears. The learned Additional Advocate General, therefore, submitted that the view ta ken by the High Court is fully justifi ed. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS 6. It is not in dispute that the case of Shri N. Ramesh in Writ Petition No. 5855 of 2008, decided by the learned Single Judge of Karnataka High Court on 13th February 2009, was similar to the present appe llants. The learned Single Judge held that the said Shri N. Ramesh was entitled to the benefi t of the revised UGC pay scale from 1st January 1996 based on the order dated 15th November 1999. Shri N. Ramesh had superannuated on 28th February 2006 as Physical Education Director from a Government aided college. The judgment of the Karnataka High Court attained fi nality as a 239 Writ Appeal preferred against the judgment and the Special Leave Petition have been dismissed. 7. It appears that the Order dated 19th October 2006 issued by UGC and the Order dated 4th July 2008 issued by the State Government were not pointed out to the learned Single Judge who decided Writ Petition of Shri N. Ramesh on 13th February 2009. Even in the appeal before the Division Bench and in the Special Leave Petition before this Court, both the orders were not brought to the notice of the Court. The State Government never applied for the review. It is true that in the subsequent decision of the Division Bench of the same High Court dated 29th April 2011 in Writ Appeal no. 234 of 2007, the High Court noted the directions issued by the UGC on 19th October 2006 and the Government Order dated 4th July 2008 based on the directions of UGC and held that the Government employees we re not entitled to a revised pay scale with retrospective eff ect. 8. It must be noted here that the State Government implemented the order in the case of Shri N. Ramesh. In another order passed by a learned Single Judge of Karnataka High Court on 30th July 2012, in Writ Petition no. 62679 of 2012 and other connected matters (Irayya & Ors. v. The Secretary & Ors.), a direction was issued in favour of the similarly placed employees who were entitled to revised UGC pay scales with eff ect from 1st January 1996 along with all consequential benefi ts. The order was confi rmed by a Division Bench by an order dated 27th August 2013. 9. Along with the same application, the appellants have produced a copy of the order dated 7th January 2014 in the case of one Shri K.C. Patil and Shri S.H. Hallur, who were retired librarians. By the s aid order, the two librarians, who were similarly placed as the appellants, were granted the benefi t of the revised pay scale from 1st January 1996 al ong with consequential benefi ts in terms of the order dated 15th November 1999. Therefore, not only in the case of Shri N. Ramesh but even t hereafter in 2014, to the employees who were similarly placed as the appell ants, the benefi ts of the revised UGC pay scale in terms of the Government order dated 15th November 1999 were granted. 10. The State Government ought to have applied for review of the order of this Court in the case of Shri N. Ramesh. However, the Government had allowed the said order to become fi nal. Notwithstanding the Government B.C. NAGARAJ & ANR. v. THE STATE OF KARNATAKA & ORS.[ABHAY S. OKA, J.] Order of 4th July 2008, as can be seen from the additional documents, the benefi t was granted to the employees who were similarly placed with the appellants even on 7th January 2014. It was a conscious decision of the State Government to accept the decision of the High Court in the case of Shri N. Ramesh. Now, the State Government cannot rely upon the Government Order dated 4th July 2008, which was not pointed out to the Courts which dealt with the case of Shri N. Ramesh as the State Governm ent accepted the judgment in the case of Shri N. Ramesh and granted benefi ts to him of the Government Order dated 15th November 1999. There is no reason why the appellants should be denied the same relief, especially whe n even as of 7th January 2014, the same benefi t was granted to the similarly placed employees. 11. Accordingly, the impugned judgment dated 9th October 2017 is hereby quashed and set aside. We direct the State Government t o extend the benefi ts under the Government Order dated 15th November 1999 to the appellants within a period of three months from today. The appeals are, accordingly, allowed on the above terms with no order as to costs. 12. We make it clear that this judgment will apply to all cases, pending before either the Administrative Tribunal or High Court, of similarly situated employees in which a similar relief is claimed. However, this judgment shall not be used to fi le new cases by retired employees who have been denied the benefi t and who have not challenged the action till date. No case, which has been concluded, shall be reopened on the basis of this judgment.