Dasanglu Pul v. Lupalum Kri

Supreme Court of India · 2023 INSC 930 · 2023

Coram: A.S. BOPANNA, PAMIDIGHANTAM SRI NARASIMHA

JUDGMENT A. S. BOPANNA, J. 1. The appellant is before this Court assailing the judgment and order dated 25.04.2023 passed by the Gauhati High Court, Itanagar Bench in Election Petition No.3 of 2019. Through the said judgment and order the High Court has arrived at a conclusion that the appellant herein who is the returned candidate had not presented her nomination paper in accordanc e with Section 33 of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 (‘R.P.A ct’ for short) and as such the nomination paper of the appellant is liable to be rejected under Section 36(2)(b) of R.P. Act, 1951. In that view, it is held DASANGLU PUL v. LUPALUM KRI that the improper acceptance of the nomination by the Returning Oﬃ cer has therefore materially aﬀ ected the result of the election. Hence the election of the appellant from 45-Hyuliang (ST) Assembly Constituency in the election held pursuant to the notiﬁ cation dated 18.03.2019 is declared as void under Section 100(1)(d)(iv) of the R.P. Act 1951. The appellant therefore claiming to be aggrieved by the said judgment and order is before this Court in this appeal. 2. We have heard Mr. Jaideep Gupta, learned senior counsel for the appellant, Mr. Santosh Paul, learned senior counsel for the respondent and perused the appeal papers. 3. The brief facts to be noted is that the appellant and her late husband belong to the Mishmi tribe in Arunachal Pradesh. Th e husband of the appellant Late Khaliko Pul was the sitting member o f the Legislative Assembly from 45-Hyuliang (ST) Assembly Constituenc y. As permitted under the custom of the said tribe, Late Khaliko Pul married the appellant during May, 2015 as his third wife. The said Late K haliko Pul died intestate on 09.08.2016. He is survived by three wi ves (including the appellant) and seven sons. On the death of the husb and, the appellant, for the ﬁ rst time contested from the said constituency in the bye-election that ensued on 19.11.2016 and was successful. After the completion of the term of the assembly for the earlier period, wh en the elections were notiﬁ ed on 18.03.2019, the appellant ﬁ led her nomination on 22.03.2019. She enclosed the relevant papers which included the aﬃ davit under Form 26 of Rule 4A of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961 (‘R ules 1961’ for short). 4. The respondent herein was also a candidate and h ad ﬁ led his nomination from the said constituency. On 26.03.2019 the respondent ﬁ led a counter aﬃ davit challenging the nomination of the appellant alleging that there is substantial defect in the nomination ﬁ led by the appellant and urged the Returning Oﬃ cer to reject her nomination. The ground on which such challenge was raised by the respondent is that the appell ant who has an interest and claim over the properties of her spouse has not mentioned the same in her aﬃ davit ﬁ led on 25.03.2019. In that regard, it was the case of the respondent that the non-disclosure of the properties belonging to her spouse amounts to defects of substantial character and as such the nomination 1025 was liable to be rejected. The Returning Oﬃ cer, through his order dated 26.03.2019 had however rejected the objection raised by the respondent and had accepted the nomination of the appellant. In that ba ckground, the elections were held on 11.04.2019 and the results were declared o n 23.05.2019 wherein the appellant had secured 5663 votes as against the 4591 votes secured by the respondent. The appellant was therefore declared elected by a margin of 1072 votes as a Member of the Legislative Assembly from the 45-Hayuliang(ST) Assembly Constituency. 5. It is in that backdrop, the respondent challenged the election of the appellant by ﬁ ling the Election Petition No.3/2019 on 03.07.2019 before the Gauhati High Court, Itanagar Bench on the ground that the nomination of the appellant was improperly accepted which has materially aﬀ ected the result of the election. The appellant in response had ﬁ led a Recrimination Case No.1(AP)/2020 on 20.01.2020 contending that the respo ndent held an oﬃ ce of proﬁ t on the day of ﬁ ling his nomination and therefore his nomination is in fact liable to be rejected. In the election petition, the appellant ﬁ led her written statement and defended the a cceptance of her nomination as valid. 6. Based on the pleadings raised before the High Court, the High Court framed as many as 8 issues for its consideration. The res pondent in support of his election petition examined himself as PW-1 and the Returning Oﬃ cer Mr. Dagbom Riba as PW-2. The appellant, on the other hand, in her defense had examined 14 witnesses which included her family members, the advocate who assisted her in ﬁ ling the nomination as also her election agent. On analysing the evidence available before it, the High Court has arrived at the conclusion that the details of the property owned by the late husband of the appellant was not indicated in the relevant column of Form-26 w hich provided for mentioning the details of the properties owned by the spouse. In the said column the appellant had indicated as ‘not applic able’. It is in that light, the High Court has arrived at the conclusion that in a circumstance when the legal heir certiﬁ cate dated 04.05.2017 issued in favour of the ﬁ rst wife of Late Khaliko Pul had been set aside as on the date when the nomination paper was ﬁ led by the appellant on 26.03.2019, the properties relating to which the legal heir certiﬁ cate had been issued being that of the spouse ought to have been mentioned in the Form-26 of the aﬃ davit. DASANGLU PUL v. LUPALUM KRI [A. S. BOPANNA, J.] 7. In the background of the contentions urged by the learned seni or counsel for the appellant to assail the conclusion rea ched by the High Court and the contentions put forth by the learned se nior counsel for the respondent to sustain the same, we note that though a detail consideration has been made by the High Court and the contentions in that regard put forth by the learned senior counsel on either side before us is also elaborate, the only issue that arises for consideration is as to whether the indication made by the appellant in Form-26, as ‘not ap plicable’ in the column relating to ‘spouse’, in the facts and circumstance emerging herein would amount to non-disclosure of the properties owned by her spouse, as would be understood in a normal case and whether that w ould amount to a defect of substantial character requiring reject ion of the nomination papers more particularly of a successful candidate af ter the election as having materially aﬀ ected the result. 8. On this aspect, the undisputed fact even without reference to t he evidence tendered by the parties is that the husband of the appell ant Late Kalikho Pul, during his life time had owned and possessed the foll owing properties:- “(1). Plot No.1: Area 581 Sq Yards: location Mumbai , Maharashtra. (2). Plot No.480: Area 550 Sq Yards: location Mumba i, Maharashtra. (3). Plot No.483-484: Area 1166 Sq Yards: location Mumbai, Maharashtra. 4). Plot No.485-486: Area 1148 Sq Yards: location Mumbai, Maharashtra. 5). Plot/Dag No.37(A): Area 5950 Sq Mtrs; location Khupa, (Hig) Anjaw. 6). Plot/Dag No.894: Area 2000 Sq Mtrs; location Tezu(Educated youth colony).” But, the question is with regard to its status after his death. 1027 9. The fact that the appellant had indicated as ‘no t applicable’, in the column in Form-26 relating to indication of the pr operty details belonging to the spouse will no doubt ex-facie indicate that the above-noted properties were not mentioned. However, the question would be; whether the appellant had any claim to the said property either to be her property on the death of the husband or has a claim to be ent itled to succeed. The fact that the husband died on 09.08.2016 will indicate that as on that day the right to succession had opened and the property woul d not continue to be the property of the husband. In that circumsta nce, technically if the appellant had succeeded to the same, the said pro perties could be considered as her own to be disclosed and the question of indicating it as that of the spouse would not arise. The case as se t up by the appellant therefore is that as per the custom followed by the M ishmi tribe it is only the ﬁ rst wife who would succeed to the properties of t he husband if the deceased at the time of death had more than one wife a nd as such the appellant had no claim whatsoever over the said prope rties. It is in that light, the appellant has examined the witnesses who hav e spoken with regard to the manner of inheritance among persons belonging to M ishmi tribe. Though the learned senior counsel for the respond ent seeks to point out that there is no uniformity in the opinion express ed by the witness with regard to the custom followed by the Mishmi tribe, we are of the opinion that in the scope available to this Court in an election petition it would not be appropriate for this Court to either examin e the customary right or the right to inheritance. It would be appropriate on ly to notice as to whether in the facts and circumstances of the cas e where the appellant herself has no claim to the properties after the succ ession has opened, the non-mentioning of the properties as belonging to that of t he spouse was a substantial defect. 10. In that circumstance, the undisputed fact is that much prior to the ﬁ ling of the nomination on 22.03.2019 a legal heir certiﬁ cate was issued on 04.05.2017 in favour of Smt. Dangwimsai Pul by the Court of Judicial Magistrate, First Class Tezu, Lohit District, Arunachal P radesh i.e., in favour of the ﬁ rst wife of Late Khaliko Pul. Para-3 of that certiﬁ cate in fact recognises her right as the legal heir being the ﬁ rst wife and property details are mentioned therein. The case of the respondent is that the appellant had DASANGLU PUL v. LUPALUM KRI [A. S. BOPANNA, J.] challenged the issue of the legal heir certiﬁ cate and the learned Sessions Judge vide order dated 20.12.2018 had set aside the legal heir certi ﬁ cate and had remitted the case to the Court of Deputy Commissioner, Tezu for consideration of the application for issuance of legal heir certiﬁ cate made by Smt. Dangwimsai Pul i.e., the ﬁ rst wife of Late Khaliko Pul. It is in that light contended that as on 22.03.2019 when the nomination papers were ﬁ led, the legal heir certiﬁ cate had been set aside and as such the appellant being one of the wives was required to indicate the property belonging to her spouse. 11. In order to appreciate the said contention, the High Court has taken note of the decision of this Court in Kisan Shankar Kathore vs. Arun Dattatray Sawant &Ors. (2014) 14 SCC 162 wherein this Court on ﬁ nding that there was clear non-disclosure of the bungalow belonging to the appellant’s wife in the nomination papers ﬁ led by the appellant in that case had held the same to be a substantial lapse. Having peru sed the said decision we note that in the facts of the said case the husband be ing the candidate had a wife who was living and had owned certain properties which was to be mentioned in Form No.26 and his failure to do so had been held as a substantial lapse, by this Court. In the very decision, this Court had also taken note with regard to the non-disclosure of the electricity dues regarding which there was a dispute pending and had arrived at the conclusion that the same was not a serious lapse. This Court therefore has clariﬁ ed that the consideration as to whether it is a defect of substantial character would depend on the facts and circumstances of each case as to whether such a non-disclosure would amount to material lapse or not. Though the said observation was indicated as not to be treated as having general application, the position of law cannot be diﬀ erent and it is well established that a case cannot be considered in abstract, without having reference to the facts and circumstances evolving in a case. 12. It is in that light to be noted that in the instant facts, the nomination papers for the present election were ﬁ led on 22.03.2019. If the said date is taken as the relevant date, the legal heir certiﬁ cate is sued to the ﬁ rst wife being on 04.05.2017 will have to be construed as being issued at a n undisputed point in time. It is no doubt true that the appellant had challenged the legal heir certiﬁ cate on 04.10.2017, which was set aside by the learned 1029 Sessions Judge on 20.12.2018. From the evidence placed on record it is noted that in the petition challenging the issue of legal heir certiﬁ cate the appellant had not set up title to the property which was owned by her l ate husband but had only contended that the legal heir certiﬁ cate issued by the Judicial Magistrate, First Class was without jurisdiction. The order pass ed by the learned Sessions Judge to set aside the same and remand the proceedings to the Court of the Deputy Commissioner through the order dated 20.12.2018 will disclose that the right of the parties to the property was not decided in favour of the appellant, but having set aside the certiﬁ cate as being without jurisdiction, had remitted the matter to the authority having jurisdiction to consider the same. 13. The proceedings were thereafter pending and ultimatel y a fresh legal heir certiﬁ cate was issued by the Executive Magistrate, Lohit District on 22.03.2022. The said certiﬁ cate was in respect of the properties which stood in the name of the late husband regarding which an ob jection had been raised by the respondent for not being included i n Form No.26. If that be the position, as on 22.03.2019 when the nominatio n was ﬁ led by the appellant herein, the issue relating to the legal heir certiﬁ cate, though set aside was at large and the dispute was pending. In any event, the appellant had not set up any claim to the said proper ties which were not indicated in Form-26. Though the learned senior counsel for the respondent would contend that the ‘no objection certiﬁ cate’ ﬁ led by the remaining family members which ultimately resulted in the issu e of the legal heir certiﬁ cate dated 22.03.2022 in favour of the ﬁ rst wife itself is contrary to law inasmuch as the minor children also have signed the said document, the validity of the same is not an issue for consideration he rein. The fact remains that even the other persons who have signed have indi cated that they have no objection and the legal heir certiﬁ cate has accordingly been issued in favour of the ﬁ rst wife. Therefore, neither as on the date of the death of the spouse nor on the date of ﬁ ling the nomination for the election at the ﬁ rst instance in the year 2016 or at the point when the nomination was ﬁ led on 22.03.2019, the property left behind by the d eceased was claimed by the appellant. 14. It is no doubt true that much has been made abo ut the challenge raised by the appellant to the legal heir certiﬁ cate dated 04.05.2017 issued DASANGLU PUL v. LUPALUM KRI [A. S. BOPANNA, J.] in favour of the ﬁ rst wife which had been set aside as on the date of ﬁ ling the nomination on 22.03.2019. Apart from the fact as already indicated, the dispute was still at large before the forum to wh ich it was remitted, in any event, legal heir certiﬁ cate by itself cann ot be construed as a document of title to the property. It is a mode to determine the heirship based on which the consequential actions would foll ow. The appellant in her evidence has speciﬁ cally disclosed the reas on for which she had challenged the legal heir certiﬁ cate. The portion of the evidence reads as hereunder :- “That my challenge to legal heir certiﬁ cate dated 04. 05.2017 was primarily for the purpose of pressurizing Smti Dangwi msai Pul to handover the papers of land bearing Plot No.230 situated a t Tezu township. Late Kalikho Pul before his death had made it clear that this plot of land is meant for me. The papers of this pl ot of land were in the possession of Smti Dangwimsai Pul and afte r the death of Shri Kaikho Pul, she showed reluctance in handli ng over the papers of this plot of land to me. I needed the paper s of this plot of land badly to get an allotment order in my favour . Since Smti Dangwimsai Pul had obtained the legal heir certiﬁ cate in respect of other properties in her favour, I feared that she may a lso apply for another legal heir certiﬁ cate in respect of this plo t of land also. In order to force Smti Dangwimsai Pul to part with the p apers of this plot of land, I challenged the legal heir certiﬁ cate dated 04.05.2017 on the advice of Shri Biluso Tulang, who is my ﬁ rst cousin and has been helping me in managing my various social, legal and poli tical matters. During the pendency of the criminal revision petition ﬁ led by me challenging the said legal heir certiﬁ cate, the papers of the said plot of land were given to me after which I stopped ta king interest in my criminal revision petition. Subsequently, the sai d plot of land was allotted in my favour.” 15. A perusal of the above extracted portion of the deposition would indicate that the appellant was claiming her right to Plot No.230 situate at Tezu township since her late husband had made it clear that the said plot is meant for the appellant. The challenge was therefor e raised as a pressure tactics to secure the documents of the said property from Smt. Dangwimsai 1031 Pul i.e., the ﬁ rst wife. Therefore, it was her clea r understanding that the remaining properties will belong to the ﬁ rst wife of Late Khaliko Pul and her entitlement was to Plot No.230 mentioned above. While weighing the entire case in the background of the evidence t endered and arriving at a decision based on preponderance of probability, the explanation put forth by the appellant in the fact situation herein will have to be accepted as plausible since the appellant while ﬁ ling her n omination in Form No.26 and indicating the details of the properties standing in her name has indicated Plot No.230 in Tezu township, to whic h she was laying claim based on the assurance given to her by her la te husband during his lifetime and has not laid claim to any other proper ty which stood in the name of her deceased husband, to which, as contende d by her the ﬁ rst wife has succeeded. 16. Therefore, in the facts and circumstances of the instant case i f all these aspects are taken into consideration the disclosure o f the said properties in the column in Form-26 to indicate the properties bel onging to the spouse would not arise, ﬁ rstly, since the spouse was not alive and on his death the succession had opened, even otherwise she had not clai med any interest in the properties which are the subject matter and belonged to the deceased spouse. Hence it cannot be construed that there w as a defect of substantial character in the present facts and circumstances of the case. Hence, this was not a case of improper acceptance of the nomination ﬁ led by the appellant. As such the principle enunciated in Mairembam Prithviraj @ Prithviraj Singh vs. Pukhrem Sharatchandra Singh (2017) 2 SCC 487 was not applicable herein. The High Court was therefore not justiﬁ ed in applying the same to the facts arising herein. 17. As noted, we have indicated that the contention of the respondent in the present facts that it would amount to non-disclosure and therefore a defect of substantial character cannot be accepted and since in that circumstance it is not a case of improperly accepted nomination, it certainly has not materially aﬀ ected the result of the election as contemplated in Section 100(1)(d)(i) (iv) of the RP Act, 1951. Further, even if the object with which this Court in Union of India vs. Association for Democratic Reforms (2002) 5 SCC 294 has required the disclosure of assets is kept in view, the facts involved herein would indicate that the allegation herein cannot be taken as non-disclosure DASANGLU PUL v. LUPALUM KRI [A. S. BOPANNA, J.] though it could have been open for the appellant to indicate this aspect in the aﬃ davit but in any event, it is not a substantial defect so as to materially aﬀ ect the result of the election in the facts and circumstances herein. 18. Therefore, for all the above-stated reasons the judgment and order dated 25.04.2023 passed by the Gauhati High Court, Itanagar Bench in Election Petition No.3 of 2019 is set aside and the Election Peti tion No.3 of 2019 is consequently dismissed. The appeal is accordingly allowed, however with no order as to costs. 19. Pending application, any, shall also stand disposed of.